{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T03:45:46Z","timestamp":1767757546107,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767744000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22176133"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22176133"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21677104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21677104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The lack of a predictive, first-principles model has confined the development of isothermal exponential amplification (IEA) to empirical optimization for decades, hindering its quantitative potential. Here, we resolve this by establishing a universal kinetic framework that defines amplification efficiency through three fundamental physical parameters: the polymerase extension rate (Se), the amplicon size (Sa), and the primer-template binding efficiency (\u03be). The model reveals the apparent doubling time as $T = \\frac{{{{S}_a}}}{{\\xi \\cdot {{S}_e}}}$, providing a unified physical explanation for IEA efficiency across diverse mechanisms, including loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), strand displacement amplification (SDA), recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), and helicase-dependent amplification (HDA). Crucially, we mathematically demonstrate that the complex kinetics of LAMP, a case study with extreme product heterogeneity, are structurally isomorphic to simple exponential growth. A Taylor expansion proves that LAMP product heterogeneity emerges as a Poisson process, a prediction we confirm experimentally. This framework accurately predicts quantification outcomes under varying conditions (enzyme, temperature, and inhibitors) and enables robust viral quantification in wastewater. By bridging fundamental enzymology with point-of-care applications, our work provides a general blueprint for optimizing IEA by engineering polymerase speed (Se), minimizing amplicon size (Sa), and fine-tuning primer-binding efficiency (\u03be).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaf1378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T13:01:29Z","timestamp":1763816489000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A universal kinetic framework for quantitative isothermal amplification governed by polymerase speed, amplicon size, and binding efficiency"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Langjun","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinyong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yonghong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5300-8119","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kun","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026010622411004000_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2448875","article-title":"Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase","volume":"239","author":"Saiki","year":"1988","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026010622411004000_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2018.03.065","article-title":"Isothermal exponential amplification techniques: from basic principles 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