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However, how pathogens evade m6A-mediated RNA decay in plants remains poorly understood. Here, we uncover a dynamic m6A modification arms race during infection of sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), a prevalent potyvirus that infects maize and causes 20%\u201380% yield loss. We demonstrate that maize m6A methyltransferase (ZmMTA) specifically deposits m6A at A6556 of the SCMV genomic RNA, enabling recognition by the m6A reader EVOLUTIONARILY CONSERVED C-TERMINAL REGION 23 (ZmECT23). ZmECT23 directly recruits the ZmCCR4-NOT (carbon catabolite repressor 4\u2013negative on TATA) complex to facilitate viral RNA decay. Strikingly, SCMV counters the defense via its nuclear inclusion protein a protease (NIa-Pro), which hijacks maize eukaryotic initiation factor 4A-III (ZmeIF4A3) into viral replication complexes. ZmeIF4A3 sterically blocks ZmMTA-mediated m6A deposition, thereby preventing viral RNA from degradation. Mechanistic conservation is observed in potato virus Y and turnip mosaic virus, two other potyviruses that are modified with m6A. Our study identifies eIF4A3 as a key m6A regulator in plants and reveals a strategy used by potyviruses to subvert m6A-based immunity via exploiting host RNA helicases. These findings provide mechanistic insights into host-pathogen interactions as mediated by m6A and suggest eIF4A3 as a potential target for engineering m6A-based antiviral crops.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaf1432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T15:16:40Z","timestamp":1767885400000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Potyviruses recruit host eIF4A3 to block m6A-mediated RNA decay by steric hindrance of viral RNA methylation in plants"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Dezhi","family":"Peng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laihua","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lianyi","family":"Zang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University , Taian 271018 , Shandong,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinhao","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangdong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University , Taian 271018 , Shandong,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3508-4833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zaifeng","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University , Beijing 100193 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