{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T13:14:53Z","timestamp":1786194893765,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]],"date-time":"2025-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008783","name":"National Research Council of Science & Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRC22014-100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRC22014-100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008783","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003715","name":"Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KGM1132511"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KGM1132511"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003715","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Aging is accompanied by widespread DNA methylation changes across the genome. While age-related methylation studies typically focus on individual CpGs, cluster analysis provides more robust data and improved interpretation. We characterized age-associated CpG-cluster methylation changes in mouse spleens, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and livers. We identified a novel signature termed blanket methylations (BMs), fully methylated CpG clusters absent in young tissues but appearing in aged tissues. BM formation was locus- and cell-dependent, with minimal overlap among tissues. Statistical analysis, heterogeneity assessment, and random modeling demonstrated that BMs arise through nonrandom mechanisms and correlate with accelerated aging. Notably, BMs appeared in chronologically young mice with progeroid or disease-driven aging, including in 4-month-old Zmpste24\u2212\/\u2212 (lifespan \u223c5 months) and 3-month-old Huntington\u2019s disease model mice (lifespan \u223c4 months). The detection of BMs in purified CD4+\u00a0T cells demonstrated that their occurrence is intrinsic to aging cells rather than a result of infiltration from other tissues. Further investigation revealed age-related downregulation of zinc-finger-CxxC-domain genes, including Tet1 and Tet3, which protect CpG islands from methylation. Importantly, TET1 or TET3 depletion induced BM formation, linking their loss to age-associated methylation drift. These findings establish BMs as a robust marker of epigenomic aging, providing insight into age-related methylation changes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaf354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]],"date-time":"2025-05-10T11:53:58Z","timestamp":1746878038000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Emergence of CpG-cluster blanket methylation in aged tissues: a novel signature of epigenomic aging"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3371-4491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong-Kook","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging Convergence Research Center (ACRC), Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience Biotechnology (KRIBB) , 125 Gwahak-ro , Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34141 ,","place":["South Korea"]},{"name":"University of Science and Technology (UST) Department of Functional Genomics, , 217 Gajeong-ro , Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34113 ,","place":["South Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5419-6964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byungkuk","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging Convergence Research Center (ACRC), Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience Biotechnology (KRIBB) , 125 Gwahak-ro , Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34141 ,","place":["South Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaemin","family":"Eom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging Convergence Research Center (ACRC), Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience Biotechnology (KRIBB) , 125 Gwahak-ro , Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34141 ,","place":["South Korea"]},{"name":"University of Science and Technology (UST) Department of Functional Genomics, , 217 Gajeong-ro , Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34113 ,","place":["South Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Sun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging Convergence Research Center (ACRC), Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience Biotechnology (KRIBB) , 125 Gwahak-ro , Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34141 ,","place":["South Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaewoong","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging Convergence Research Center (ACRC), Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience Biotechnology (KRIBB) , 125 Gwahak-ro , Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34141 ,","place":["South Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangkyun","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Keyomics Co. Ltd Genomics Department, , 17 Techno4-ro, Yuseong-gu , Daejeon 34013 ,","place":["South Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025051007534977800_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a019133","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a019133","article-title":"DNA methylation in mammals","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1090842","article-title":"DNA methylation-related chromatin remodeling in activity-dependent BDNF gene regulation","volume":"302","author":"Martinowich","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237905","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1237905","article-title":"Global epigenomic reconfiguration during mammalian brain development","volume":"341","author":"Lister","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1126\/science.187.4173.226","article-title":"DNA modification mechanisms and gene activity during development","volume":"187","author":"Holliday","year":"1975","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3354","article-title":"DNA methylation: roles in mammalian development","volume":"14","author":"Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1038\/366362a0","article-title":"Role for DNA methylation in genomic imprinting","volume":"366","author":"Li","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1038\/2413","article-title":"Transcription of IAP endogenous retroviruses is constrained by cytosine methylation","volume":"20","author":"Walsh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-9525(92)90219-T","article-title":"X-chromosome inactivation and cell memory","volume":"8","author":"Riggs","year":"1992","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.947102","article-title":"DNA methylation patterns and epigenetic memory","volume":"16","author":"Bird","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12224","article-title":"Epigenetic stochasticity, nuclear structure and cancer: the implications for medicine","volume":"276","author":"Feinberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-015-0118-4","article-title":"Aging and DNA methylation","volume":"13","author":"Jung","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Biol"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12738","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12738","article-title":"Global remodeling of the mouse DNA methylome during aging and in response to calorie restriction","volume":"17","author":"Sziraki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1038\/s43587-023-00462-6","article-title":"Universal DNA methylation age across mammalian tissues","volume":"3","author":"Lu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Aging"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3074","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47316-2","article-title":"Nonlinear DNA methylation trajectories in aging male mice","volume":"15","author":"Olecka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.203812","article-title":"Different phases of aging in mouse old skeletal muscle","volume":"14","author":"Kang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100718","article-title":"A meta-analysis on age-associated changes in blood DNA methylation: results from an original analysis pipeline for Infinium 450k data","volume":"7","author":"Bacalini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aging (Albani NY)"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6690","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.204903","article-title":"Parallel shift of DNA methylation and gene expression toward the mean in mouse spleen with aging","volume":"15","author":"Jeong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10604","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0500398102","article-title":"Epigenetic differences arise during the lifetime of monozygotic twins","volume":"102","author":"Fraga","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R7","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddt375","article-title":"Age-associated epigenetic drift: implications, and a case of epigenetic thrift?","volume":"22","author":"Teschendorff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1007\/s10565-007-9035-9","article-title":"Age and gender affect DNMT3a and DNMT3b expression in human liver","volume":"24","author":"Xiao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Biol Toxicol"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-6374(02)00014-3","article-title":"Age-dependent DNA methylation changes in the ITGAL (CD11a) promoter","volume":"123","author":"Zhang","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12485","article-title":"Age-dependent expression of DNMT1 and DNMT3B in PBMCs from a large European population enrolled in the MARK-AGE study","volume":"15","author":"Ciccarone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12375","article-title":"Reduction in DNA methyltransferases and alteration of DNA methylation pattern associate with mouse skin ageing","volume":"23","author":"Qian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2012.10.016","article-title":"Genome-wide methylation profiles reveal quantitative views of human aging rates","volume":"49","author":"Hannum","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.07.002","article-title":"Sirtuins in aging and age-related disease","volume":"126","author":"Longo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5489","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1210616","article-title":"Sirtuins: critical regulators at the crossroads between cancer and aging","volume":"26","author":"Saunders","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2009.03.013","article-title":"CD28 (-) T cells: their role in the age-associated decline of immune function","volume":"30","author":"Weng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R31","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2014-15-2-r31","article-title":"Accounting for cellular heterogeneity is critical in epigenome-wide association studies","volume":"15","author":"Jaffe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg.2017.33","article-title":"TET-mediated active DNA demethylation: mechanism, function and beyond","volume":"18","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623948","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.623948","article-title":"TET-mediated epigenetic regulation in immune cell development and disease","volume":"8","author":"Tsiouplis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.11.014","article-title":"Tet3 CXXC domain and dioxygenase activity cooperatively regulate key genes for Xenopus eye and neural development","volume":"151","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2010.156","article-title":"TET1 is a DNA-binding protein that modulates DNA methylation and gene transcription via hydroxylation of 5-methylcytosine","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1322921111","article-title":"Distinct roles of the methylcytosine oxidases Tet1 and Tet2 in mouse embryonic stem cells","volume":"111","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09934","article-title":"Dual functions of Tet1 in transcriptional regulation in mouse embryonic stem cells","volume":"473","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2011.04.005","article-title":"Genome-wide regulation of 5hmC, 5mC, and gene expression by Tet1 hydroxylase in mouse embryonic stem cells","volume":"42","author":"Xu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11925","article-title":"NANOG-dependent function of TET1 and TET2 in establishment of pluripotency","volume":"495","author":"Costa","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.099622","article-title":"PRDM14 promotes active DNA demethylation through the ten-eleven translocation (TET)-mediated base excision repair pathway in embryonic stem cells","volume":"141","author":"Okashita","year":"2014","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R91","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2013-14-8-r91","article-title":"Genome-wide analysis identifies a functional association of Tet1 and Polycomb repressive complex 2 in mouse embryonic stem cells","volume":"14","author":"Neri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.11.004","article-title":"DNA hydroxymethylation profiling reveals that WT1 mutations result in loss of TET2 function in acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"9","author":"Rampal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R99","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2013-14-9-r99","article-title":"PU.1 target genes undergo Tet2-coupled demethylation and DNMT3b-mediated methylation in monocyte-to-osteoclast differentiation","volume":"14","author":"de","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10943","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku780","article-title":"A dynamic CTCF chromatin binding landscape promotes DNA hydroxymethylation and transcriptional induction of adipocyte differentiation","volume":"42","author":"Dubois-Chevalier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101022","article-title":"Analysis of the machinery and intermediates of the 5hmC-mediated DNA demethylation pathway in aging on samples from the MARK-AGE Study","volume":"8","author":"Valentini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3960\/jslrt.55.1","article-title":"Age-dependent decrease of DNA hydroxymethylation in human T cells","volume":"55","author":"Truong","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Hematop"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.16115","article-title":"Association between SPRY1 and TET3 in skin photoaging and natural aging mechanisms","volume":"23","author":"Qiu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3359","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23735-3","article-title":"TET1-mediated DNA hydroxymethylation regulates adult remyelination in mice","volume":"12","author":"Moyon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16364","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202001271R","article-title":"Selective loss of 5hmC promotes neurodegeneration in the mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2959","article-title":"5-hmC-mediated epigenetic dynamics during postnatal neurodevelopment and aging","volume":"14","author":"Szulwach","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106257","article-title":"Role of TET1-mediated epigenetic modulation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"185","author":"Armstrong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17490","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017490","article-title":"Integrated analysis of gene expression, CpG island methylation, and gene copy number in breast cancer cells by deep sequencing","volume":"6","author":"Sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)81369-0","article-title":"Exon 1 of the HD gene with an expanded CAG repeat is sufficient to cause a progressive neurological phenotype in transgenic mice","volume":"87","author":"Mangiarini","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101193","article-title":"Age-associated chromatin relaxation is enhanced in Huntington\u2019s disease mice","volume":"9","author":"Park","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-024-09703-2","article-title":"SETDB1 deletion causes DNA demethylation and upregulation of multiple zinc-finger genes","volume":"51","author":"Kang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol Biol Rep"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2957","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr507","article-title":"FLASH: fast length adjustment of short reads to improve genome assemblies","volume":"27","author":"Magoc","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4361","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-12293-4","article-title":"Ageing affects DNA methylation drift and transcriptional cell-to-cell variability in mouse muscle stem cells","volume":"10","author":"Hernando-Herraez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2832","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101590","article-title":"A multi-tissue full lifespan epigenetic clock for mice","volume":"10","author":"Thompson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1266","article-title":"Genomic instability in laminopathy-based premature aging","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01631","article-title":"A progeroid syndrome in mice is caused by defects in A-type lamins","volume":"423","author":"Mounkes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101428","article-title":"Age-associated bimodal transcriptional drift reduces intergenic disparities in transcription","volume":"10","author":"Min","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B59","first-page":"1173","article-title":"Oral treatment with herbal formula B307 alleviates cardiac failure in aging R6\/2 mice with Huntington\u2019s disease via suppressing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20130028","article-title":"ZF-CxxC domain-containing proteins, CpG islands and the chromatin connection","volume":"41","author":"Long","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.20.6.2108-2121.2000","article-title":"Cloning of a mammalian transcriptional activator that binds unmethylated CpG motifs and shares a CXXC domain with DNA methyltransferase, human trithorax, and methyl-CpG binding domain protein 1","volume":"20","author":"Voo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a018648","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a018648","article-title":"CpG island chromatin is shaped by recruitment of ZF-CxxC proteins","volume":"5","author":"Blackledge","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13042","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.13042","article-title":"Demethylation and derepression of genomic retroelements in the skeletal muscles of aged mice","volume":"18","author":"Min","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(85)90312-5","article-title":"A fraction of the mouse genome that is derived from islands of nonmethylated, CpG-rich DNA","volume":"40","author":"Bird","year":"1985","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.03.002","article-title":"Regulation of cellular senescence by Polycomb chromatin modifiers through distinct DNA damage- and histone methylation-dependent pathways","volume":"22","author":"Ito","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6956","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku372","article-title":"TET1 is a maintenance DNA demethylase that prevents methylation spreading in differentiated cells","volume":"42","author":"Jin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2012.357","article-title":"TET2 and TET3 regulate GlcNAcylation and H3K4 methylation through OGT and SET1\/COMPASS","volume":"32","author":"Deplus","year":"2013","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05987","article-title":"DNMT3L connects unmethylated lysine 4 of histone H3 to de novo methylation of DNA","volume":"448","author":"Ooi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4246","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkq147","article-title":"Chromatin methylation activity of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3a\/3L is guided by interaction of the ADD domain with the histone H3 tail","volume":"38","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaan4673","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan4673","article-title":"Clonal hematopoiesis in human aging and disease","volume":"366","author":"Jaiswal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2015-03-631747","article-title":"Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential and its distinction from myelodysplastic syndromes","volume":"126","author":"Steensma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2488","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1408617","article-title":"Age-related clonal hematopoiesis associated with adverse outcomes","volume":"371","author":"Jaiswal","year":"2014","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3733","article-title":"Age-related mutations associated with clonal hematopoietic expansion and malignancies","volume":"20","author":"Xie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-05857-4","article-title":"Clonal haematopoiesis and risk of chronic liver disease","volume":"616","author":"Wong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa6806","article-title":"Tumor evolution. High burden and pervasive positive selection of somatic mutations in normal human skin","volume":"348","author":"Martincorena","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau3879","article-title":"Somatic mutant clones colonize the human esophagus with age","volume":"362","author":"Martincorena","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.101005","article-title":"Huntington\u2019s disease accelerates epigenetic aging of human brain and disrupts DNA methylation levels","volume":"8","author":"Horvath","year":"2016","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.10.024","article-title":"Leukocyte telomere shortening in Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"396","author":"Scarabino","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2019.111189","article-title":"Telomere length analysis on leukocytes derived from patients with Huntington disease","volume":"185","author":"PerezGrovas-Saltijeral","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e92","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.13100240","article-title":"Reduced telomere length in neurodegenerative disorders may suggest shared biology","volume":"27","author":"Kota","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3842-04.2005","article-title":"Disintegration of the sleep-wake cycle and circadian timing in Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"25","author":"Morton","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10199","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1694-10.2010","article-title":"Disruption of peripheral circadian timekeeping in a mouse model of Huntington\u2019s disease and its restoration by temporally scheduled feeding","volume":"30","author":"Maywood","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2021.2009997","article-title":"Exploring the impact of night shift work on methylation of circadian genes","volume":"17","author":"Ritonja","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epigenetics"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2895","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-82627-0","article-title":"Differential DNA methylation in recovery from shift work disorder","volume":"11","author":"Lahtinen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025051007534977800_B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083826","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1083826","article-title":"Association between night shift work and methylation of a subset of immune-related genes","volume":"10","author":"Ferrari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Public Health"}],"container-title":["Nucleic Acids Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nar\/article-pdf\/53\/9\/gkaf354\/63140396\/gkaf354.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nar\/article-pdf\/53\/9\/gkaf354\/63140396\/gkaf354.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]],"date-time":"2025-05-10T11:53:59Z","timestamp":1746878039000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nar\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/nar\/gkaf354\/8128224"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkaf354","relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-1048","1362-4962"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-1048","type":"print"},{"value":"1362-4962","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]]},"article-number":"gkaf354"}}