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Expanding the clinical potential of RNA interference requires developing strategies to enhance delivery to extra-hepatic tissues. In this study, we examine inhibiting transthyretin (TTR) gene expression by siRNAs in the eye. Anti-TTR siRNAs have been developed as successful drugs to treat TTR amyloidosis. When administered systemically, anti-TTR siRNAs alleviate symptoms by blocking TTR expression in the liver. However, TTR amyloidosis also affects the eye, suggesting a need for reducing ocular TTR gene expression. Here, we demonstrate that pyrimidine C5- and 2\u2032-O-linked lipid-modified siRNAs formulated in saline can inhibit TTR expression in the eye when administered locally by intravitreal injection. Modeling suggests that length and accessibility of the lipid chains contribute to in vivo silencing. GalNAc-modified siRNAs also inhibit TTR expression, albeit less potently. These data support lipid-modified siRNAs as an approach to treating the ocular consequences of TTR amyloidosis. Inhibition of TTR expression throughout the eye demonstrates that lipid\u2013siRNA conjugates have the potential to be a versatile platform for ocular drug discovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaf409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T09:32:43Z","timestamp":1747647163000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Modulation of <i>TTR<\/i> gene expression in the eye using modified siRNAs"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UT Southwestern Medical Center Departments of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, , Dallas, TX 75390 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UT Southwestern Medical Center Department of Ophthalmology, , Dallas , TX 75235 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jayanta","family":"Kundu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alnylam Pharmaceuticals , Cambridge, MA 04142 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhrubajyoti","family":"Datta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alnylam Pharmaceuticals , Cambridge, MA 04142 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4145-356X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Egli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Department of Biochemistry, , Nashville, TN 37232 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7931-1172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muthiah","family":"Manoharan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alnylam Pharmaceuticals , Cambridge, MA 04142 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00a0Vinod","family":"Mootha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UT Southwestern Medical Center Department of Ophthalmology, , Dallas , TX 75235 ,","place":["United States"]},{"name":"Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas , TX 75235 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8973-493X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David\u00a0R","family":"Corey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UT Southwestern Medical Center Departments of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, , Dallas, TX 75390 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025052713022045000_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad067","article-title":"Chemistry, structure and function of approved oligonucleotide therapeutics","volume":"51","author":"Egli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2025052713022045000_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chembiol.2023.09.005","article-title":"Targeting RNA with synthetic oligonucleotides: clinical success invites new challenges","volume":"31","author":"Hofman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Chemical Biology"},{"key":"2025052713022045000_B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-02105-y","article-title":"RNA interference in the era of nucleic acid therapeutics","volume":"42","author":"Jadhav","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"2025052713022045000_B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16958","DOI":"10.1021\/ja505986a","article-title":"Multivalent N-acetylgalactosamine-conjugated siRNA localizes in hepatocytes and elicits robust RNAi-mediated gene silencing","volume":"136","author":"Nair","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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