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In eukaryotes, ribosomal RNA\u00a0synthesis is carried out by RNA polymerase I (Pol I), highly specialized transcriptional machinery. This review provides a comparative analysis of Pol I transcription apparatus in yeast and humans, serving as a reference framework to examine its evolutionary divergence in P.\u00a0falciparum and related apicomplexans and alveolates. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that some of these organisms lack\u00a0any identifiable homologues or orthologs of several canonical eukaryotic transcription factors essential for Pol\u00a0I-mediated transcription, including initiation factor RRN3, activator UBF, and all specific subunits of the promoter recognition complexes. Interestingly, the parasite retains core Pol\u00a0I subunits, incorporating unique parasite-specific structural domains characterized through AI-based protein complex modeling of P.\u00a0falciparum Pol I. These adaptations may compensate for the absence of traditional regulatory factors, enabling the parasite to employ distinct mechanisms for promoter recognition and transcription initiation. The substantial differences between parasite and host Pol I transcription machinery create potential targets for therapeutic intervention with parasite-specific elements representing potential drug targets. By integrating evolutionary, structural, and functional perspectives, this review advances our understanding of Pol I transcription in alveolates and its implications for the\u00a0development of novel antimalarial strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaf641","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T11:57:31Z","timestamp":1750334251000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The ribosomal RNA transcription landscapes of <i>Plasmodium falciparum<\/i> and related apicomplexan parasites"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Gunnar","family":"Mair","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Queen\u2019s University Belfast , Belfast ,\u00a0BT9 5D,","place":["United Kingdom"]},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University Department of Biomedical Sciences, , Ames , IA 50011 ,","place":["United 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