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These processes allow precise spatial and temporal control of translation and are mediated by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), including those associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we use proteomics, transcriptomics, and microscopy to investigate the impact of RBP depletion on mRNA transport and local translation in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons. We find thousands of transcripts enriched in neurites and that many of these transcripts are locally translated, possibly due to the shorter length of transcripts in neurites. Loss of frontotemporal dementia\/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FTD\/ALS)-associated RBPs TDP-43 and hnRNPA1 induce distinct alterations in the neuritic proteome and transcriptome. TDP-43 knockdown (KD) leads to slightly increased neuritic mRNA and translation, while hnRNPA1 loss has more moderate effects on local mRNA profiles, possibly due to compensation by hnRNPA3. These results highlight the crucial role of FTD\/ALS-associated RBPs in mRNA transport and local translation in neurons and the importance of these processes in neuron health and disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaf709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T14:14:42Z","timestamp":1752502482000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Altered mRNA transport and local translation in i3Neurons with RNA-binding protein knockdown"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Rachael","family":"Dargan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Alzheimer\u2019s and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD \u00a020892,\u00a0","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alla","family":"Mikheenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre , Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London \u00a0WC1N 3BG,\u00a0","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas\u00a0L","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Alzheimer\u2019s and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD \u00a020892,\u00a0","place":["United States"]},{"name":"DataTecnica , Washington , DC 20812 \u00a0","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin\u00a0E","family":"Packer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Alzheimer\u2019s and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD \u00a020892,\u00a0","place":["United 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Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD \u00a020892,\u00a0","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Puja\u00a0R","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre , Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London \u00a0WC1N 3BG,\u00a0","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Keuss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UCL Queen Square Motor Neuron Disease Centre , Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London \u00a0WC1N 3BG,\u00a0","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike\u00a0A","family":"Nalls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Alzheimer\u2019s and Related Dementias, National Institute on 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