{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T00:16:31Z","timestamp":1792023391876,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Scientific Foundation of China","award":["32301023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32301023"]}]},{"name":"Natural Scientific Foundation of China","award":["32071188"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32071188"]}]},{"name":"Natural Scientific Foundation of China","award":["32471312"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32471312"]}]},{"name":"Natural Scientific Foundation of Xiamen","award":["3502Z202373009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3502Z202373009"]}]},{"name":"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China","award":["16101120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16101120"]}]},{"name":"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China","award":["161011121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["161011121"]}]},{"name":"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China","award":["AoE\/M-403\u201316"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AoE\/M-403\u201316"]}]},{"name":"Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China","award":["AoE\/M-401\/20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AoE\/M-401\/20"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005950","name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Project of Xiamen Cell Therapy Research, China","award":["3502Z20214001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3502Z20214001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The abnormal expansion of GGGGCC (G4C2) repeats in the noncoding region of the C9orf72 gene is a major genetic cause of two devastating neurodegenerative disorders, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). These G4C2 repeats are known to form G-quadruplex (G4) structures, which are hypothesized to contribute to disease pathogenesis. Here, we demonstrated that four DNA G4C2 repeats can fold into two structurally distinct G4 conformations: a parallel and an antiparallel topology. The high-resolution crystal structure of the parallel G4 reveals an eight-layered dimeric assembly, formed by two identical monomeric units. Each unit contains four stacked G-tetrads connected by three propeller CC loops and is stabilized through 5\u2032-to-5\u2032 \u03c0\u2013\u03c0 interactions and coordination with a central K+ ion. Notably, the 3\u2032-ending cytosines form a C\u00b7C+\u00b7C\u00b7C+ quadruple base pair stacking onto the adjacent G-tetrad layer. In contrast, the antiparallel G4 adopts a four-layered monomeric structure with three edgewise loops, where the C6 and C18 bases engage in stacking interaction with neighboring G-tetrad via a K+ ion. These structurally distinct G-quadruplexes provide mechanistic insights into C9orf72-associated neurodegeneration and offer potential targets for the development of structure-based therapeutic strategies for ALS and FTD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaf879","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T11:51:09Z","timestamp":1755777069000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Crystal structures of distinct parallel and antiparallel DNA G-quadruplexes reveal structural polymorphism in <i>C9orf72<\/i> G4C2 repeats"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Yanyan","family":"Geng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Institute of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Key Laboratory of Brain Tumors Diagnosis and Precision Treatment, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361003 , Fujian ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changdong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Study and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon , Hong Kong\u00a0 SAR ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan , Shenzhen 518057 , Guangdong ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haitao","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Study and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon , Hong Kong\u00a0 SAR ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica Ching","family":"Suen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Study and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon , Hong Kong\u00a0 SAR ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Brain Tumors Diagnosis and Precision Treatment, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Neuroscience, , Xiamen 361003 , Fujian ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingchang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Brain Tumors Diagnosis and Precision Treatment, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Neuroscience, , Xiamen 361003 , Fujian ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanhong","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Brain Tumors Diagnosis and Precision Treatment, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Neuroscience, , Xiamen 361003 , Fujian ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caiming","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , Fujian ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haixia","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , Fujian ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueqin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Institute of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Key Laboratory of Brain Tumors Diagnosis and Precision Treatment, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361003 , Fujian ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hwan-Ching","family":"Tai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , Fujian ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanxiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory of Brain Tumors Diagnosis and Precision Treatment, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Brain Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Neuroscience, , Xiamen 361003 , Fujian ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3802-3446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Advanced Study and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon , Hong Kong\u00a0 SAR ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan , Shenzhen 518057 , Guangdong ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4525-4261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qixu","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361102 , Fujian ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025091006442943200_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2009.03.005","article-title":"Frontotemporal dementia and motor neurone disease: overlapping clinic-pathological disorders","volume":"16","author":"Lillo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2016.09.007","article-title":"Pathogenic determinants and mechanisms of ALS\/FTD linked to hexanucleotide repeat expansions in the C9orf72 gene","volume":"636","author":"Wen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200105313442207","article-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"344","author":"Rowland","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"048","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-956755","article-title":"Frontotemporal dementia","volume":"27","author":"Graff-Radford","year":"2007","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2012.117","article-title":"Advances in understanding the molecular basis of frontotemporal dementia","volume":"8","author":"Rademakers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.09.011","article-title":"Expanded GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat in noncoding region of C9ORF72 causes chromosome 9p-linked FTD and ALS","volume":"72","author":"DeJesus-Hernandez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.09.010","article-title":"A hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9ORF72 is the cause of chromosome 9p21-linked ALS-FTD","volume":"72","author":"Renton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70043-1","article-title":"Frequency of the C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia: a cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Majounie","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Lancet Neurology"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9860","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C113.452532","article-title":"The disease-associated r(GGGGCC)n repeat from the C9orf72 gene forms tract length-dependent uni- and multimolecular RNA G-quadruplex structures","volume":"288","author":"Reddy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1038\/srep01016","article-title":"C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia forms RNA G-quadruplexes","volume":"2","author":"Fratta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13124","article-title":"C9orf72 nucleotide repeat structures initiate molecular cascades of disease","volume":"507","author":"Haeusler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Unit 17.2.1","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142700.nc1702s40","article-title":"Overview of formation of G-quadruplex structures","volume":"Chapter 17","author":"Sannohe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Nucleic Acid Chem"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1039\/b702491f","article-title":"Four-stranded nucleic acids: structure, function and targeting of G-quadruplexes","volume":"37","author":"Huppert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem Soc Rev"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16673","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16673","article-title":"Topology of a G-quadruplex DNA formed by C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeats associated with ALS and FTD","volume":"5","author":"Zhou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8590","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv815","article-title":"Solution structure of a DNA quadruplex containing ALS and FTD related GGGGCC repeat stabilized by 8-bromodeoxyguanosine substitution","volume":"43","author":"Brcic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B16","first-page":"10055","article-title":"Quadruplex formation by both G-rich and C-rich DNA strands of the C9orf72 (GGGGCC)8\u00b7(GGCCCC)8 repeat: effect of CpG methylation","volume":"43","author":"Zamiri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2366","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20852-w","article-title":"Characterizations of distinct parallel and antiparallel G-quadruplexes formed by two-repeat ALS and FTD related GGGGCC sequence","volume":"8","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B18","first-page":"11605","article-title":"NMR structure of a G-quadruplex formed by four d(G4C2) repeats: insights into structural polymorphism","volume":"46","author":"Brcic","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1322720","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2024.1322720","article-title":"Role of C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansions in ALS\/FTD pathogenesis","volume":"17","author":"Geng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5881","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab302","article-title":"Crystal structure of parallel G-quadruplex formed by the two-repeat ALS- and FTD-related GGGGCC sequence","volume":"49","author":"Geng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7961","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae473","article-title":"Crystal structure of a tetrameric RNA G-quadruplex formed by hexanucleotide repeat expansions of C9orf72 in ALS\/FTD","volume":"52","author":"Geng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrl.2022.07.004","article-title":"The parallel tetrameric DNA G-quadruplex formed by the two-repeat C9orf72 GGGGCC sequence in solution","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Magnetic Resonance Letters"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444909047337","article-title":"Xds","volume":"66","author":"Kabsch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889807021206","article-title":"Phaser crystallographic software","volume":"40","author":"Mccoy","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Appl Crystallogr"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444910007493","article-title":"Features and development of Coot","volume":"66","author":"Emsley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444911001314","article-title":"REFMAC5 for the refinement of macromolecular crystal structures","volume":"67","author":"Murshudov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444909052925","article-title":"PHENIX: a comprehensive Python-based system for macromolecular structure solution","volume":"66","author":"Adams","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889809008784","article-title":"PDB_REDO: automated re-refinement of X-ray structure models in the PDB","volume":"42","author":"Joosten","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Appl Crystallogr"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7171","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201709184","article-title":"G-quadruplex secondary structure obtained from circular dichroism spectroscopy","volume":"57","author":"Del","year":"2018","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1039\/C8SC03813A","article-title":"A chair-type G-quadruplex structure formed by a human telomeric variant DNA in K+ solution","volume":"10","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem Sci"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10999","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw970","article-title":"Folding and misfolding pathways of G-quadruplex DNA","volume":"44","author":"Marchand","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113030","article-title":"G-quadruplex: flexible conformational changes by cations, pH, crowding and its applications to biosensing","volume":"178","author":"Nishio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5482","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn517","article-title":"Stability and kinetics of G-quadruplex structures","volume":"36","author":"Lane","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2014.01.009","article-title":"Folding and unfolding pathways of the human telomeric G-quadruplex","volume":"426","author":"Gray","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23477","DOI":"10.1002\/bip.23477","article-title":"Folding dynamics of polymorphic G-quadruplex structures","volume":"113","author":"Grun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biopolymers"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad1065","article-title":"RNA G-quadruplex folding is a multi-pathway process driven by conformational entropy","volume":"52","author":"Ugrina","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"gkaf043","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaf043","article-title":"Early events in G-quadruplex folding captured by time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering","volume":"53","author":"Monsen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9548","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab681","article-title":"The beginning and the end: flanking nucleotides induce a parallel G-quadruplex topology","volume":"49","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7161","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac549","article-title":"Guiding the folding of G-quadruplexes through loop residue interactions","volume":"50","author":"Jana","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.09.012","article-title":"Characterization of DNA G-quadruplex species forming from C9ORF72 G4C2-expanded repeats associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration","volume":"36","author":"Sket","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4934","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61966-4","article-title":"Development and structural determination of an anti-PrPC aptamer that blocks pathological conformational conversion of prion protein","volume":"10","author":"Mashima","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1995.0417","article-title":"Solution structure of the Oxytricha telomeric repeat d[G4(T4G4)3] G-tetraplex","volume":"251","author":"Wang","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/S0969-2126(01)00236-2","article-title":"Solution structures of unimolecular quadruplexes formed by oligonucleotides containing Oxytricha telomere repeats","volume":"3","author":"Smith","year":"1995","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaat3007","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aat3007","article-title":"Encoding canonical DNA quadruplex structure","volume":"4","author":"Dvorkin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5297","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky290","article-title":"Quadruplexes in \u2018Dicty\u2019: crystal structure of a four-quartet G-quadruplex formed by G-rich motif found in the genome","volume":"46","author":"Gu\u00e9din","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7487","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx274","article-title":"G-quadruplex structure of an anti-proliferative DNA sequence","volume":"45","author":"Do","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2959","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac091","article-title":"The first crystal structures of hybrid and parallel four-tetrad intramolecular G-quadruplexes","volume":"50","author":"Beseiso","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2729","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1418718112","article-title":"Structure of a left-handed DNA G-quadruplex","volume":"112","author":"Chung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201812628","article-title":"A minimal sequence for left-handed G-quadruplex formation","volume":"58","author":"Bakalar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2527","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CC08146A","article-title":"A novel minimal motif for left-handed G-quadruplex formation","volume":"57","author":"Das","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem Commun"},{"key":"2025091006442943200_B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8272","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz349","article-title":"NMR solution and X-ray crystal structures of a DNA molecule containing both right- and left-handed parallel-stranded G-quadruplexes","volume":"47","author":"Winnerdy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"}],"container-title":["Nucleic Acids Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nar\/article-pdf\/53\/17\/gkaf879\/64235233\/gkaf879.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nar\/article-pdf\/53\/17\/gkaf879\/64235233\/gkaf879.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T10:44:35Z","timestamp":1757501075000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nar\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/nar\/gkaf879\/8250476"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkaf879","relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-1048","1362-4962"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-1048","type":"print"},{"value":"1362-4962","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,5]]},"article-number":"gkaf879"}}