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In this study, we use X-ray crystallography to elucidate the mode of NCD binding in detail. We determine the crystal structures of the RNA\u2013NCD complex and a structure of unliganded RNA. The NCD interacts differently than in previously reported nuclear magnetic resonance structure, forming pseudo-canonical base pairs with guanosine residues located on the same RNA strand. Furthermore, in one of the complexes, the ligand is located between symmetry-related RNA molecules, exhibiting a molecular glue characteristics in crystal lattice formation. The comparison of RNA\u2013NCD and ligand-free models allows the identification of structural changes in RNA upon ligand binding from A-form to Z-RNA-like form. These observations extend our understanding of the interactions between RNA and small compounds and can be useful as a reference model in the development of bioinformatics tools for RNA\u2013ligand structure predictions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaf924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T22:58:47Z","timestamp":1758322727000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Naphthyridine carbamate dimer ligand induces formation of Z-RNA-like fold of disease-related RNA and exhibits a molecular glue characteristics in crystal lattice formation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Martyna","family":"Mateja-Pluta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Z. Noskowskiego 12\/14, 61-704,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leszek","family":"B\u0142aszczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Z. Noskowskiego 12\/14, 61-704,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Bejger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences , Z. 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