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In spinocerebellar ataxia type 8 (SCA8), abnormal expansion of CTA\/CTG repeats in the 3\u2032 untranslated region of the ATXN8OS (ATXN8 Opposite Strand) gene has been implicated in disease pathology. Although the occurrence of repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation from the ATXN8 transcript has been reported, whether and how RAN translation occurs from the ATXN8OS transcript has remained unexplored. Here, using a cell-free translation system and cultured cells, we showed that ATXN8OS undergoes robust AUG-independent translation in a repeat length-dependent manner. Mechanistic analyses revealed that translation of the poly L (0) frame initiates at a non-AUG codon located upstream of the repeats. Moreover, using live-cell imaging at a single messenger RNA level, we directly visualized ribosomal \u22121 frameshifting from the poly L (0) frame to the poly T\u2013poly A (+2) frame during translation elongation. We further showed that ATXN8OS translation was enhanced upon activation of the integrated stress response. Together, these findings establish both the occurrence and the molecular mechanisms of ATXN8OS translation from expanded CTA\/CTG repeats and provide insights into the pathogenic processes underlying SCA8.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkag730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T11:52:19Z","timestamp":1783770739000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Upstream non-AUG initiation and ribosomal \u22121 frameshifting in ATXN8OS CTA\/CTG repeat-associated translation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Soyoka","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science and Technology, Institute of Science Tokyo, S2-19, Nagatsuta 4259 , Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayato","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science and Technology, Institute of Science Tokyo, S2-19, Nagatsuta 4259 , Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayuka","family":"Hasumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science and Technology, Institute of Science Tokyo, S2-19, Nagatsuta 4259 , Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Morisaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO 80523 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makito","family":"Hirano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 1-14-1 Miharadai, Minami-ku , Sakai, Osaka 590-0197 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Niwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science and Technology, Institute of Science Tokyo, S2-19, Nagatsuta 4259 , Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Cell Biology Center, Institute of Integrated Research, Institute of Science Tokyo S2-19, Nagatsuta 4259 , Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1037-3129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshitaka","family":"Nagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 1-14-1 Miharadai, Minami-ku , Sakai, Osaka 590-0197 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Life Science Research Institute, Kindai University 1-14-1 Miharadai, Minami-ku , Sakai, Osaka 590-0197 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0151-6274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy J","family":"Stasevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, CO 80523 ,","place":["United States"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6612-9339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideki","family":"Taguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Science and Technology, Institute of Science Tokyo, S2-19, Nagatsuta 4259 , Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Cell Biology Center, Institute of Integrated Research, Institute of Science Tokyo S2-19, Nagatsuta 4259 , Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501 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