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Early growth response 2 (EGR2) contributes both to alveolar macrophage identity and to interleukin (IL)-4-driven polarization of bone marrow-derived macrophages, yet the regulatory principles enabling its function across these contexts remain unclear. By integrating RNA-seq and ATAC-seq data from wild-type and Egr2-deficient macrophages, we show that macrophage identity is constrained by DNA methylation-dependent cis-regulatory landscapes. Alveolar macrophage-specific enhancers are predominantly CpG rich and hypomethylated, a feature shared with additional tissue-resident macrophage populations, whereas bone marrow-derived macrophage-accessible regulatory regions are largely CpG poor. Although IL-4 induces EGR2 together with KLF4 and DEC1 in bone marrow-derived macrophages, this transcription factor module fails to engage CpG-rich enhancers, indicating that the bone marrow-derived macrophage regulatory network lacks additional alveolar macrophage-specific components required for their activation. These findings identify CpG content as a determinant of enhancer competence and provide a mechanistic explanation for the context-dependent activity of EGR2 in macrophages, placing macrophage plasticity under the control of sequence-encoded epigenetic constraints.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkag824","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T11:12:33Z","timestamp":1786101153000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["CpG content contributes to tissue-resident macrophage enhancer selection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5091-7237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D\u00f3ra","family":"Bojcsuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen , Debrecen 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