{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T08:03:01Z","timestamp":1789718581983,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020581","name":"Fondazione AIRC","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020581","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Union - Next Generation EU","award":["CUP H53D23004770006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP H53D23004770006"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/019w4f821","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In eukaryotes, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) activate Tel1\/ATM- and Mec1\/ATR-dependent checkpoint signaling and can be repaired by homologous recombination (HR), which requires DNA end resection, typically initiated by the MRX\/MRN complex. In budding yeast, Sae2\/CtIP promotes MRX-dependent end processing, limits Tel1\u2013Rad53 signaling, and contributes to DSB end-tethering. Here, we identify a Tel1 FAT-domain variant, Tel1-400, that increases the DNA damage resistance of sae2\u0394 cells by suppressing their DSB end-tethering defect through Rad9 phosphorylation-dependent oligomerization. Tel1-400 accumulates more strongly at DSBs than wild-type Tel1 and enhances DNA-damage-induced Rad9 phosphorylation. An oligomerization-defective rad9 phosphosite mutant prevents Tel1-400 from improving DSB end-tethering in sae2\u0394 cells, whereas chemically induced Rad9 dimerization restores this ability. Rad9 also supports DSB end-tethering in Sae2-proficient cells, as the same rad9 phosphosite mutant increases end separation in an otherwise wild-type background. Functionally, Tel1-400 shifts repair in sae2\u0394 cells toward strand-invasion-dependent HR while reducing single-strand annealing, and this repair-pathway bias requires Rad9 oligomerization. Together, these findings identify a Tel1\u2013Rad9 pathway in which increased Tel1 association at DNA breaks enhances Rad9 phosphorylation and self-assembly, thereby promoting DSB end-tethering and influencing recombination pathway choice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkag919","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T11:48:45Z","timestamp":1789127325000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Tel1\u2013Rad9 axis links DNA double-strand break end-tethering to repair pathway choice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4649-3205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo","family":"Rinaldi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca , 20126 Milano ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4032-4943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federica","family":"Pagnotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca , 20126 Milano ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0869-3345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renata","family":"Tisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca , 20126 Milano ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1726-2034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Pia","family":"Longhese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Bioscienze, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca , 20126 Milano ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026091803183503800_B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a016428","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a016428","article-title":"Sources of DNA double-strand breaks and models of recombinational DNA repair","volume":"6","author":"Mehta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"2026091803183503800_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-080320-110356","article-title":"Repair of DNA double-strand breaks by the nonhomologous end joining pathway","volume":"90","author":"Stinson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"key":"2026091803183503800_B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-071719-020312","article-title":"DNA end resection: mechanism and 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