{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T22:37:58Z","timestamp":1790721478832,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,16]],"date-time":"2017-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1489622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,2]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkx184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,8]],"date-time":"2017-03-08T15:12:22Z","timestamp":1488985942000},"page":"5785-5796","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Trypanosoma brucei RAP1 maintains telomere and subtelomere integrity by suppressing TERRA and telomeric RNA:DNA hybrids"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Vishal","family":"Nanavaty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranjodh","family":"Sandhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanaa E.","family":"Jehi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Unnati M.","family":"Pandya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5804-9876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bibo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(02)00247-3","article-title":"Why are parasite contingency genes often associated with telomeres?","volume":"33","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B2","first-page":"156","article-title":"Telomere components as potential therapeutic targets for treating microbial pathogen infections","volume":"2","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front. Oncol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003260","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003260","article-title":"DNA break site at fragile subtelomeres determines probability and mechanism of antigenic variation in African trypanosomes","volume":"9","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-011-1100-z","article-title":"Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD): an enigma unravelled?","volume":"131","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Genet."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5855","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005855","article-title":"Cryptic subtelomeric rearrangements and X chromosome mosaicism: a study of 565 apparently normal individuals with fluorescent in situ hybridization","volume":"4","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/s10577-005-0998-1","article-title":"Human subtelomere structure and variation","volume":"13","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chromosome Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2014.06.004","article-title":"Capturing the variant surface glycoprotein repertoire (the VSGnome) of Trypanosoma brucei Lister 427","volume":"195","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.2.3.542-551.2003","article-title":"RNA polymerase I transcribes procyclin genes and variant surface glycoprotein gene expression sites in Trypanosoma brucei","volume":"2","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eukaryot. Cell"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1038\/299451a0","article-title":"Genomic environment of the expression-linked extra copies of genes for surface antigens of Trypanosoma brucei resembles the end of a chromosome","volume":"299","year":"1982","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3527","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003527","article-title":"Telomeric expression sites are highly conserved in Trypanosoma brucei","volume":"3","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2014.09.047","article-title":"Mono-allelic VSG expression by RNA polymerase I in Trypanosoma brucei: Expression site control from both ends?","volume":"556","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02324","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.02324","article-title":"Expression site attenuation mechanistically links antigenic variation and development in Trypanosoma brucei","volume":"3","year":"2014","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2803","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1501206112","article-title":"Inositol phosphate pathway controls transcription of telomeric expression sites in trypanosomes","volume":"112","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8943","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1404873111","article-title":"Transcription is initiated on silent variant surface glycoprotein expression sites despite monoallelic expression in Trypanosoma brucei","volume":"111","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.01.037","article-title":"RAP1 is essential for silencing telomeric variant surface glycoprotein genes in Trypanosoma brucei","volume":"137","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7673","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt562","article-title":"Silencing subtelomeric VSGs by Trypanosoma brucei RAP1 at the insect stage involves chromatin structure changes","volume":"41","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2875","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.13.21.2875","article-title":"A role for RAD51 and homologous recombination in Trypanosoma brucei antigenic variation","volume":"13","year":"1999","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6906","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki996","article-title":"Distinct roles for two RAD51-related genes in Trypanosoma brucei antigenic variation","volume":"33","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2008.06230.x","article-title":"Trypanosoma brucei BRCA2 acts in antigenic variation and has undergone a recent expansion in BRC repeat number that is important during homologous recombination","volume":"68","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Microbiol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12765","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.12765","article-title":"Mapping replication dynamics in Trypanosoma brucei reveals a link with telomere transcription and antigenic variation","volume":"5","year":"2016","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000992","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000992","article-title":"TOPO3alpha influences antigenic variation by monitoring expression-site-associated VSG switching in Trypanosoma brucei","volume":"6","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25313","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025313","article-title":"Identification of Trypanosoma brucei RMI1\/BLAP75 homologue and its roles in antigenic variation","volume":"6","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002900","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002900","article-title":"Telomere length affects the frequency and mechanism of antigenic variation in Trypanosoma brucei","volume":"8","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12899","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku942","article-title":"Suppression of subtelomeric VSG switching by Trypanosoma brucei TRF requires its TTAGGG repeat-binding activity","volume":"42","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2014.60","article-title":"Trypanosoma brucei TIF2 suppresses VSG switching by maintaining subtelomere integrity","volume":"24","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2011.08.011","article-title":"Maintaining the end: Roles of telomere proteins in end-protection, telomere replication and length regulation","volume":"730","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mutat. Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0156746","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156746","article-title":"Trypanosoma brucei TIF2 and TRF suppress VSG switching using overlapping and independent mechanisms","volume":"11","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2007.07.022","article-title":"Telomeric position effect: from the yeast paradigm to human pathologies?","volume":"90","year":"2008","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2633","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1989.tb08403.x","article-title":"Transcription of telomere repeats in protozoa","volume":"8","year":"1989","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B30","first-page":"143","article-title":"Telomeric repeat-containing RNA TERRA: a noncoding RNA connecting telomere biology to genome integrity","volume":"6","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Genet."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2008.10.019","article-title":"The Rat1p 5\u0384 to 3\u0384 exonuclease degrades telomeric repeat-containing RNA and promotes telomere elongation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae","volume":"32","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1685","article-title":"Developmentally regulated transcription of mammalian telomeres by DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II","volume":"10","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1038\/embor.2011.73","article-title":"Subtelomeric repetitive elements determine TERRA regulation by Rap1\/Rif and Rap1\/Sir complexes in yeast","volume":"12","year":"2011","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2012.04.009","article-title":"R loops: from transcription byproducts to threats to genome stability","volume":"46","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-4658.2009.06908.x","article-title":"Ribonuclease H: the enzymes in eukaryotes","volume":"276","year":"2009","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5220","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6220","article-title":"RNaseH1 regulates TERRA-telomeric DNA hybrids and telomere maintenance in ALT tumour cells","volume":"5","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5011","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.25.12.5011-5021.2005","article-title":"Trypanosome telomeres are protected by a homologue of mammalian TRF2","volume":"25","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dnarep.2012.07.001","article-title":"From yeast to mammals: recent advances in genetic control of homologous recombination","volume":"11","year":"2012","journal-title":"DNA Repair (Amst.)"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2012.01.008","article-title":"Trypanosomal histone gammaH2A and the DNA damage response","volume":"183","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2504","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.5.2504","article-title":"The block in immunoglobulin class switch recombination caused by activation-induced cytidine deaminase deficiency occurs prior to the generation of DNA double strand breaks in switch mu region","volume":"171","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxh057","article-title":"Staggered AID-dependent DNA double strand breaks are the predominant DNA lesions targeted to S mu in Ig class switch recombination","volume":"16","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. Immunol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07982","article-title":"A yeast-endonuclease-generated DNA break induces antigenic switching in Trypanosoma brucei","volume":"459","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7532","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007532","article-title":"Blocking variant surface glycoprotein synthesis in Trypanosoma brucei triggers a general arrest in translation initiation","volume":"4","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(86)90040-2","article-title":"Characterization of monoclonal antibody to DNA.RNA and its application to immunodetection of hybrids","volume":"89","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(00)00182-1","article-title":"Trypanosoma brucei RNase HI requires its divergent spacer subdomain for enzymatic function and its conserved RNA binding motif for nuclear localization","volume":"107","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Biochem. Parasitol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/20.11.2725","article-title":"A ribosomal RNA gene promoter at the telomere of a mini-chromosome in Trypanosoma brucei","volume":"20","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2015.05.003","article-title":"Breaking bad: R-loops and genome integrity","volume":"25","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B48","first-page":"568","article-title":"GammaH2AX and its role in DNA double-strand break repair","volume":"84","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1139\/bcb-2016-0012","article-title":"Novel insights into RAD51 activity and regulation during homologous recombination and DNA replication","volume":"94","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20170531015625_B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2013.35","article-title":"A trans-spliced telomerase RNA dictates telomere synthesis in Trypanosoma brucei","volume":"23","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Res."}],"container-title":["Nucleic Acids Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nar\/article-pdf\/45\/10\/5785\/17639680\/gkx184.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]],"date-time":"2019-09-19T09:37:39Z","timestamp":1568885859000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/nar\/article-lookup\/doi\/10.1093\/nar\/gkx184"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,16]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,16]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkx184","relation":{},"ISSN":["0305-1048","1362-4962"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0305-1048","type":"print"},{"value":"1362-4962","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,16]]}}}