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Following infection, flaviviral RNA genomes are translated to produce the viral replication machinery but must then serve as a template for the transcription of new genomes. However, the ribosome and viral polymerase proceed in opposite directions along the RNA, risking collisions and abortive replication. Whilst generally linear, flavivirus genomes can adopt a circular conformation facilitated by long-range RNA\u2013RNA interactions, shown to be essential for replication. Using an in vitro reconstitution approach, we demonstrate that circularization inhibits de novo translation initiation on ZIKV and DENV RNA, whilst the linear conformation is translation-competent. Our results provide a mechanism to clear the viral RNA of ribosomes in order to promote efficient replication and, therefore, define opposing roles for linear and circular conformations of the flavivirus genome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz686","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,27]],"date-time":"2019-07-27T03:12:23Z","timestamp":1564197143000},"page":"9789-9802","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Circularization of flavivirus genomic RNA inhibits de novo translation initiation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5091-1457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas J","family":"Sanford","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harriet V","family":"Mears","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Teodoro","family":"Fajardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Locker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7HX, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4016-7326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Trevor R","family":"Sweeney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2019092802515668000_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00562-6","article-title":"Guillain-Barr\u00e9 Syndrome outbreak associated with Zika virus infection in French Polynesia: a case-control study","volume":"387","author":"Cao-Lormeau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"2019092802515668000_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1600651","article-title":"Zika virus associated with microcephaly","volume":"374","author":"Mlakar","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. 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