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Metagenomic analysis of environmental and wastewater samples using highly accurate long-read sequencing technologies, such as Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) HiFi sequencing, provides valuable insights into monitoring the regional spread of VFGs and ARGs, including dissemination mediated by MGEs. No visualization tool is currently available for the comprehensive display of numerous resulting circular metagenome-assembled genomes (cMAGs) with functional gene annotations. Here, we developed visualization of circular metagenome-assembled genome (VicMAG), a visualization tool for highly complex cMAGs derived from long-read metagenome assemblies annotated using updated databases of VFGs, ARGs, and MGEs. Using 353 cMAGs from PacBio HiFi sequencing of a wastewater sample, we demonstrated the utility of VicMAG for metagenome visualization. VicMAG provides comprehensive, size-aware visualization of cMAGs representing bacterial chromosomes and plasmids, annotated with VFGs, ARGs, and phages. By simultaneously visualizing all cMAGs in a framework, VicMAG facilitates a holistic understanding of the distribution and genomic context of VFGs and ARGs across complex microbial communities. This tool supports integrated surveillance of bacteria associated with virulence and antimicrobial resistance across clinical, environmental, and One Health contexts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nargab\/lqag109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T11:26:57Z","timestamp":1788521217000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["VicMAG, an open-source tool for visualizing circular metagenome-assembled genomes highlighting bacterial virulence and antimicrobial resistance"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-3638-4008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuke","family":"Tsuda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8507 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Kyoto University Hospital , 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8507 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6294-3309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Tanizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) , 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Informatics, National Institute of Genetics , 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thi My Hanh","family":"Vu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University , 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8523 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Urban Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8028-3228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yosuke","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research of Life (X-star), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) , 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6505-9850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaki","family":"Shintani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University , 3-5-1 Johoku, Chuo-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Research Center , 3-1-1, Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruka","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University , 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8523 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2573-3302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Futoshi","family":"Hasebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University , 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8523 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4392-3756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ikuro","family":"Kasuga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University , 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8523 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Urban Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo , 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8886-6145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miki","family":"Nagao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8507 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Kyoto University Hospital , 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8507 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University , 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8523 ,","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan Institute for Health Security , 4-2-1 Aobacho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo 189-0002 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090805173902800_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01867-1","article-title":"Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050","volume":"404","author":"Collaborators GBDAR","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026090805173902800_B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00835-5","article-title":"Sewage surveillance of antibiotic resistance holds both opportunities and 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