{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T16:22:12Z","timestamp":1780590132808,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":50,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies of consciousness are hindered by the complexity of the brain, but it is possible to study the consciousness of a sensation, namely pain. Three systems are necessary to experience pain: the somatosensory system conveys information about an injury to the thalamus where an awareness of the injury but not the painfulness emerges. The thalamus distributes the information to the affective system, which modulates the intensity of the pain, and to the cognitive system that imparts attention to the pain. Imaging of patients in pain and those experiencing placebo and hypnosis-induced analgesia shows that two essential cortical circuits for pain and attention are located within the anterior cingulate cortex. The circuits are activated when a high-frequency input results in the development of a long-term potentiation (LTP) at synapses on the apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons. The LTP acts via \u03b1-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, and an anterior cingulate cortex\u2013specific type-1 adenylate cyclase is necessary for both the LTP and the pain. The apical dendrites form an extensive network such that the input from serious injuries results in the emergence of a local field potential. Using mouse models, I propose experiments designed to test the hypothesis that the local field potential is necessary and sufficient for the consciousness of pain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/nc\/niad002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T12:26:07Z","timestamp":1676895967000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Toward the unknown: consciousness and pain"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"2023","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Ambron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University , 630 W. 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023030722302595200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7312\/ambr20486","volume-title":"The Brain and Pain; Breakthroughs in Neuroscience","author":"Ambron","year":"2022"},{"key":"2023030722302595200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2727","article-title":"Ephaptic coupling of cortical neurons","volume":"14","author":"Anastassiou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2023030722302595200_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3328-08.2009","article-title":"Connectivity-based parcellation of human cingulate cortex and its relation to functional specialization","volume":"29","author":"Beckmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023030722302595200_","volume-title":"Chapter 13. 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