{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:43:28Z","timestamp":1791924208473,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23DK117065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DK117065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32DK007276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32DK007276"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24DK090203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24DK090203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK113191"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK113191"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG3DK114866"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG3DK114866"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30DK079310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30DK079310"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000016","name":"Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We previously demonstrated that urine interleukin (IL)-9 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1 can distinguish acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) from other causes of acute kidney injury. Here we evaluated the role of these biomarkers to prognosticate kidney function in patients with AIN.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a cohort of participants with biopsy-proven, adjudicated AIN, we tested the association of histological features and urine biomarkers (IL-9 and TNF-\u03b1) with estimated glomerular filtration rate measured 6\u2009months after diagnosis (6\u2009m-eGFR) controlling for eGFR before AIN and albuminuria. We also evaluated subgroups in whom corticosteroid use was associated with 6\u2009m-eGFR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the 51 (93%) of the 55 participants with complete data, median (interquartile range) eGFR before and 6\u2009m after AIN were 41 (27\u201369) and 28 (13\u201347) mL\/min\/1.73\u2009m2, respectively. Patients with higher severity of interstitial fibrosis had lower 6\u2009m-eGFR, whereas those with higher tubulointerstitial infiltrate had higher 6\u2009m-eGFR. IL-9 levels were associated with lower 6\u2009m-eGFR only in the subset of patients who did not receive corticosteroids [6m-eGFR per doubling of IL-9, \u22126.0 (\u22129.4 to \u22122.6) mL\/min\/1.73\u2009m2]. Corticosteroid use was associated with higher 6\u2009m-eGFR [20.9 (0.2, 41.6) mL\/min\/1.73 m2] only in those with urine IL-9 above the median (&amp;gt;0.66\u2009ng\/g) but not in others.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urine IL-9 was associated with lower 6\u2009m-eGFR only in participants not treated with corticosteroids. Corticosteroid use was associated with higher 6\u2009m-eGFR in those with high urine IL-9. These findings provide a framework for IL-9-guided clinical trials to test efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with AIN.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfaa169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,9]],"date-time":"2020-06-09T15:10:26Z","timestamp":1591715426000},"page":"1851-1858","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Urine interleukin-9 and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 for prognosis of human acute interstitial nephritis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9537-9038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dennis G","family":"Moledina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"},{"name":"Clinical and Translational Research Accelerator, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F Perry","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"},{"name":"Clinical and Translational Research Accelerator, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidiya","family":"Kukova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wassim","family":"Obeid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randy","family":"Luciano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kuperman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arkana Laboratories, Little Rock, AR, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilbert W","family":"Moeckel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Kashgarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A","family":"Perazella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lloyd G","family":"Cantley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chirag R","family":"Parikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021092718223655200_gfaa169-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(00)70196-X","article-title":"Etiologies and outcome of acute renal insufficiency in older adults: a renal biopsy study of 259 cases","volume":"35","author":"Haas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2021092718223655200_gfaa169-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1159\/000336307","article-title":"Renal 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