{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:09:28Z","timestamp":1790788168297,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,28]],"date-time":"2020-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014CAPES","award":["88887.352924\/2019-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.352924\/2019-00"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico\u2014CNPq","award":["302765\/2017-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302765\/2017-4"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020950","name":"National Council of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["373297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["373297"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020950","name":"National Council of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["779601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["779601"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020950","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"School of Medicine and Programa de Maestr\u00eda y Doctorado en Ciencias M\u00e9dicas"},{"name":"Odontol\u00f3gicas y de la Salud"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Dietary potassium restriction is a strategy to control hyperkalemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, hyperkalemia may result from a combination of clinical conditions. This study aimed to investigate whether dietary potassium or the intake of certain food groups associate with serum potassium in the face of other risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We performed a cross-sectional analysis including a nondialysis-dependent CKD (NDD-CKD) cohort and a hemodialysis (HD) cohort. Dietary potassium intake was assessed by 3-day food records. Underreporters with energy intake lower than resting energy expenditure were excluded. Hyperkalemia was defined as serum potassium &amp;gt;5.0\u2009mEq\/L.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The NDD-CKD cohort included 95 patients {median age 67 [interquartile range (IQR) 55\u201373] years, 32% with diabetes mellitus (DM), median estimated glomerular filtration rate 23 [IQR 18\u201329] mL\/min\/1.73 m2} and the HD cohort included 117 patients [median age 39 (IQR 18\u201367) years, 50% with DM]. In NDD-CKD, patients with hyperkalemia (36.8%) exhibited lower serum bicarbonate and a tendency for higher serum creatinine, a higher proportion of DM and the use of renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone system blockers, but lower use of sodium bicarbonate supplements. No association was found between serum and dietary potassium (r\u2009=\u20090.01; P\u2009=\u20090.98) or selected food groups. Conditions associated with hyperkalemia in multivariable analysis were DM {odds ratio [OR] 3.55 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07\u201311.72]} and metabolic acidosis [OR 4.35 (95% CI 1.37\u201313.78)]. In HD, patients with hyperkalemia (50.5%) exhibited higher serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen and lower malnutrition inflammation score and a tendency for higher dialysis vintage and body mass index. No association was found between serum and potassium intake (r\u2009=\u2009\u22120.06, P\u2009=\u20090.46) or food groups. DM [OR 4.22 (95% CI 1.31\u201313.6)] and serum creatinine [OR 1.50 (95% CI 1.24\u20131.81)] were predictors of hyperkalemia in multivariable analyses.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Dietary potassium was not associated with serum potassium or hyperkalemia in either NDD-CKD or HD patients. Before restricting dietary potassium, the patient\u2019s intake of potassium should be carefully evaluated and other potential clinical factors related to serum potassium balance should be considered in the management of hyperkalemia in CKD.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfaa232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,8]],"date-time":"2020-08-08T19:10:13Z","timestamp":1596913813000},"page":"2049-2057","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":103,"title":["Does dietary potassium intake associate with hyperkalemia in patients with chronic kidney disease?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Christiane I","family":"Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ailema","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Ortiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nefrolog\u00eda y Metabolismo Mineral, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n, Mexico City, Mexico"},{"name":"Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute Ringgold Standard Institution, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angeles","family":"Espinosa-Cuevas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nefrolog\u00eda y Metabolismo Mineral, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M\u00e9dicas y Nutrici\u00f3n Salvador Zubir\u00e1n, Mexico City, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla M","family":"Avesani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute Ringgold Standard Institution, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Applied Nutrition, Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Jesus","family":"Carrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute Ringgold Standard Institution, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilian","family":"Cuppari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"},{"name":"Nutrition programe, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021110917095770500_gfaa232-B1","first-page":"42","author":"Clase"},{"key":"2021110917095770500_gfaa232-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1159\/000479802","article-title":"Association of serum potassium with all-cause mortality in patients with and without heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and\/or diabetes","volume":"46","author":"Collins","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"2021110917095770500_gfaa232-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e011716","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011716","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials on the effects of potassium supplements on serum potassium and creatinine","volume":"6","author":"Cappuccio","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2021110917095770500_gfaa232-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(93)90081-Y","article-title":"Glucose modulation of the disposal of an acute potassium load in patients with end-stage renal disease","volume":"94","author":"Allon","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2021110917095770500_gfaa232-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI101204","article-title":"The toxicity of orally administered potassium salts in renal insufficiency","volume":"20","author":"Winkler","year":"1941","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2021110917095770500_gfaa232-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI101860","article-title":"The tolerance for potassium in severe renal insufficiency; 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