{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T13:45:48Z","timestamp":1762868748440},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The vital renal replacement therapy makes it impossible for dialysis patients to distance themselves socially. This results in a high risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and developing coronavuris disease 2019, with excess mortality due to disease burden and immunosuppression. We determined the efficacy of a 100-\u00b5g booster of mRNA-1273 (Moderna, Cambridge, MA, USA) 6\u00a0months after two doses of BNT162b2 (BioNTech\/Pfizer, Mainz, Germany\/New York, USA) in 194 SARS-CoV-2-na\u00efve dialysis patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies were measured with the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) 4 and 10\u201312 weeks after two doses of BNT162b2 as well as 4 weeks after the mRNA-1273 booster. The presence of neutralizing antibodies was measured by the SARS-CoV-2 Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test (GenScript Biotech, Piscataway, NJ, USA). Two different cut-offs for positivity were used, one according to the manufacturer's specifications and one correlating with positivity in a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Receiver operating characteristics analyses were performed to match the anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody cut-offs with the cut-offs in the surrogate neutralization assay accordingly.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Any level of immunoreactivity determined by the anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody assay was found in 87.3% (n\u00a0=\u00a0144\/165) and 90.6% (n\u00a0=\u00a0164\/181) of patients 4 and 10\u201312 weeks, respectively, after two doses of BNT162b2. This was reduced to 68.5% or 60.6% 4 weeks and 51.7% or 35.4% 10\u201312 weeks, respectively, when using the ROC cut-offs for neutralizing antibodies in the surrogate neutralization test (manufacturer's cut-off\u00a0\u2265103\u00a0U\/mL and cut-off correlating with PRNT\u00a0\u2265196\u00a0U\/mL). Four weeks after the mRNA-1273 booster, the concentration of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies increased to 23\u00a0119.9\u00a0U\/mL and to 97.3% for both cut-offs of neutralizing antibodies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Two doses of BNT162b2 followed by one dose of mRNA-1273 within 6 months in patients receiving maintenance dialysis resulted in significant titres of SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies. While two doses of mRNA vaccine achieved adequate humoral immunity in a minority, the third vaccination boosts the development of virus-neutralizing quantities of SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies (against wild-type SARS-CoV-2) in almost all patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfac018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,27]],"date-time":"2022-01-27T12:12:10Z","timestamp":1643285530000},"page":"1132-1139","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Heterologous immunization with BNT162b2 followed by mRNA-1273 in dialysis patients: seroconversion and presence of neutralizing antibodies"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Niko","family":"Kohmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Holger F","family":"Rabenau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Ciesek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany"},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research, External Partner Site, Frankfurt, Germany"},{"name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Branch Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernhard K","family":"Kr\u00e4mer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine V, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany"},{"name":"Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Preventive Medicine and Digital Health Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"G\u00f6ttmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine V, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany"},{"name":"Nierenzentrum Worms, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Praxis f\u00fcr Stoffwechsel- und Nierenerkrankungen, Zentrum f\u00fcr Dialyse und Apherese, Gr\u00fcnstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Rose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine V, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany"},{"name":"Praxis f\u00fcr Stoffwechsel- und Nierenerkrankungen, Zentrum f\u00fcr Dialyse und Apherese, Gr\u00fcnstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Blume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Praxis f\u00fcr Stoffwechsel- und Nierenerkrankungen, Zentrum f\u00fcr Dialyse und Apherese, Gr\u00fcnstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Praxis f\u00fcr Stoffwechsel- und Nierenerkrankungen, Zentrum f\u00fcr Dialyse und Apherese, Gr\u00fcnstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Lammert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine V, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany"},{"name":"Praxis f\u00fcr Stoffwechsel- und Nierenerkrankungen, Zentrum f\u00fcr Dialyse und Apherese, Gr\u00fcnstadt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Lammert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022052423564159400_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.03.001","article-title":"The novel coronavirus 2019 epidemic and kidneys","volume":"97","author":"Naicker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2022052423564159400_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.09.006","article-title":"Results from the ERA-EDTA Registry indicate a high mortality due to 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