{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T20:20:18Z","timestamp":1790108418305,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]],"date-time":"2022-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Previous studies have reported that polymicrobial peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis (PD) is associated with poor outcomes, but recent data from European cohorts are scarce.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We included from the French Language Peritoneal Dialysis Registry all patients \u226518\u00a0years of age who started PD between January 2014 and November 2020. We compared microbiology and patient characteristics associated with mono- and polymicrobial peritonitis. We assessed patient outcomes after a first polymicrobial peritonitis using survival analysis with competing events. We differentiated microorganisms isolated from dialysis effluent as enteric or non-enteric pathogens.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 8848 patients contributed 13\u2009023 patient-years of follow-up and 3348 culture-positive peritonitis episodes, including 251 polymicrobial ones. This corresponded to rates of 0.32 and 0.02 episodes\/patient-year, respectively. For most patients (72%) who experienced polymicrobial peritonitis, this was their first peritonitis episode. Enteric pathogens were more frequently isolated in polymicrobial than in monomicrobial peritonitis (57 versus 44%; P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a0.001). In both cases of peritonitis with and without enteric pathogens, the polymicrobial versus monomicrobial character of the peritonitis was not associated with mortality in patients who did not switch to haemodialysis {adjusted cause-specific hazard ratio [acsHR] 1.2 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.3\u20135.0], P\u00a0=\u00a0.78 and 1.1 [95% CI 0.7\u20131.8], P\u00a0=\u00a0.73, respectively}. However, the risks of death and switch to haemodialysis were higher for monomicrobial peritonitis with enteric pathogens compared with those without [acsHR 1.3 (95% CI 1.1\u20131.7), P\u00a0=\u00a0.02 and 1.9 (95% CI 1.5\u20132.4), P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a0.0001, respectively].<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Isolation of enteric pathogens, rather than the polymicrobial character of the peritonitis, is associated with poorer outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfac267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]],"date-time":"2022-09-19T20:36:48Z","timestamp":1663619808000},"page":"1271-1281","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Microbiology and outcomes of polymicrobial peritonitis associated with peritoneal dialysis: a register-based cohort study from the French Language Peritoneal Dialysis Registry"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Valentine","family":"Fort\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Faculty of Medicine , Assistance Public des Hopitaux de Paris, Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Novelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay , UVSQ, Inserm, CESP, Villejuif ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad","family":"Zaidan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation department, University Hospital Paris Saclay , Assistance Public des Hopitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bic\u00eatre,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renaud","family":"Snanoudj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation department, University Hospital Paris Saclay , Assistance Public des Hopitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin Bic\u00eatre,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8009-5366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Verger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Registre de dialyse P\u00e9riton\u00e9ale de langue Fran\u00e7aise , 30 rue Sere Depoin, Pontoise ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9verine","family":"Beaudreuil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation department, University Hospital Paris Saclay , Assistance Public des Hopitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin 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