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While kidney effects are common in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), data on non-severe courses are limited. Here we provide a multilevel analysis of kidney outcomes after non-severe COVID-19 to test for eventual kidney sequela.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This cross-sectional study investigates individuals after COVID-19 and matched controls recruited from the Hamburg City Health Study (HCHS) and its COVID-19 program. The HCHS is a prospective population-based cohort study within the city of Hamburg, Germany. During the COVID-19 pandemic the study additionally recruited subjects after polymerase chain reaction\u2013confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections. Matching was performed by age, sex and education. Main outcomes were estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), albuminuria, Dickkopf3, haematuria and pyuria.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 443 subjects in a median of 9\u00a0months after non-severe COVID-19 were compared with 1328 non-COVID-19 subjects. The mean eGFR was mildly lower in post-COVID-19 than non-COVID-19 subjects, even after adjusting for known risk factors {\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a0\u22121.84 [95% confidence interval (CI) \u22123.16 to \u22120.52]}. However, chronic kidney disease [odds ratio (OR) 0.90 (95% CI 0.48\u20131.66)] or severely increased albuminuria [OR 0.76 (95% CI 0.49\u20131.09)] equally occurred in post-COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 subjects. Haematuria, pyuria and proteinuria were also similar between the two cohorts, suggesting no ongoing kidney injury after non-severe COVID-19. Further, Dickkopf3 was not increased in the post-COVID-19 cohort, indicating no systematic risk for ongoing GFR decline [\u03b2\u00a0=\u00a0\u221272.19 (95% CI \u2212130.0 to \u221214.4)].<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>While mean eGFR was slightly lower in subjects after non-severe COVID-19, there was no evidence for ongoing or progressive kidney sequela.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfad008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,18]],"date-time":"2023-01-18T12:40:11Z","timestamp":1674045611000},"page":"2031-2040","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Kidney outcome after mild to moderate COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7864-0361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Schmidt-Lauber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"III. 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Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Hausmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Systems Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Kuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Renn\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany"},{"name":"Irish Centre for Vascular Biology, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin , Ireland"},{"name":"Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center , Mainz , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3814-6542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raphael","family":"Twerenbold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center , Hamburg , Germany"},{"name":"University Center of Cardiovascular Science, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg\u2013Kiel\u2013L\u00fcbeck"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja","family":"Zeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center , Hamburg , Germany"},{"name":"University Center of Cardiovascular Science, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg , Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg\u2013Kiel\u2013L\u00fcbeck"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Blankenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center , Hamburg , Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Partner Site Hamburg\u2013Kiel\u2013L\u00fcbeck"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danilo","family":"Fliser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine IV, Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University , Homburg\/Saar , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7175-5062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias B","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"III. 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