{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T16:47:01Z","timestamp":1781714821339,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The wide overlap between the syndromes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and chronic heart failure (HF) means that familiarity with the 2021 European Society of Cardiology guidelines is of importance to nephrologists. The common risk factors for the two syndromes together with the adverse cardiac structural remodelling associated with CKD means that many kidney disease patients experience breathlessness and fall within the HF phenotypes categorized in the guidelines. The management of HF is evolving rapidly leading to significant changes in the latest guideline iteration. The 2021 guidelines have changed from the 2016 version firstly by an increased focus on identifying the three phenotypes of HF to guide appropriate evidence-based management. Secondly, a new and simplified treatment algorithm for HF with reduced ejection fraction involving the rapid sequential initiation and up-titration of four \u2018pillars\u2019 of drug treatment\u2014angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-neprilysin inhibitors, beta blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and now, thanks to convincing trial data, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors. Thirdly, guidelines for device therapy have been changed with down-graded advice on indications for primary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy for patients with non-ischaemic HF and for cardiac resynchronization therapy with left bundle branch block (LBBB) and a QRS duration &amp;lt;150\u00a0ms. There are updated treatment plans for HF associated with non-cardiovascular comorbidities including CKD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfad011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,24]],"date-time":"2023-01-24T01:25:09Z","timestamp":1674523509000},"page":"1798-1806","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Management of heart failure in patients with kidney disease\u2014updates from the 2021 ESC guidelines"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2834-0600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola C","family":"Edwards","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"},{"name":"Green Lane Cardiovascular Service , Te Toka Tumai Auckland , New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna M","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"},{"name":"Departments of Cardiology and Renal Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital , Birmingham , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard P","family":"Steeds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"},{"name":"Departments of Cardiology and Renal Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital , Birmingham , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles J","family":"Ferro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"},{"name":"Departments of Cardiology and Renal Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital , Birmingham , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan N","family":"Townend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK"},{"name":"Departments of Cardiology and Renal Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital , Birmingham , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023073100374795700_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1858","article-title":"Epidemiology of heart failure","volume":"22","author":"Groenewegen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"2023073100374795700_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41371-022-00751-4","article-title":"Hypertension and cardiomyopathy associated with chronic kidney disease: epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment considerations","volume":"37","author":"Law","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hum Hypertens"},{"key":"2023073100374795700_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2013.09.025","article-title":"Defining the natural history of uremic cardiomyopathy in chronic kidney disease: the role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance","volume":"7","author":"Edwards","year":"2014","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Imaging"},{"key":"2023073100374795700_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2012.01.043","article-title":"Endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease in early-stage chronic kidney disease: cause or association?","volume":"223","author":"Moody","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"2023073100374795700_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcl101","article-title":"The treatment of coronary artery disease in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"99","author":"Edwards","year":"2006","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"2023073100374795700_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.02.022","article-title":"Heart failure in chronic kidney disease: conclusions from a kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO) controversies conference","volume":"95","author":"House","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2023073100374795700_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab368","article-title":"2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure","volume":"42","author":"McDonagh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"2023073100374795700_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.592","article-title":"2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: the Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). 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