{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T10:08:32Z","timestamp":1761646112882,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008322","name":"CSL Behring","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006484","name":"Vifor Pharma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["91\u00a0716\u00a0475"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["91\u00a0716\u00a0475"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006484","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004330","name":"GlaxoSmithKline","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004330","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012112","name":"Sobi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012112","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004325","name":"AstraZeneca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic led to rapid vaccine development and large global vaccination schemes. However, patients with immune-mediated kidney disease, chronic kidney diseases and kidney transplant recipients show high non-response rates to vaccination despite more than three vaccinations and, consequently, reduced viral clearance capacity when infected while receiving certain immunosuppressants, carrying an elevated risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related morbidity and mortality. SARS-CoV-2 evolution has been characterized by the emergence of novel variants and spike mutations contributing to waning efficacy of neutralizing antibodies. To this end, the therapeutic field expands from vaccination towards a combined approach of immunization, pre-exposure prophylaxis and early post-exposure treatment using direct-acting antivirals and neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to treat early in the disease course and avoid hospitalization. This expert opinion paper from the Immunonephrology Working Group of the European Renal Association (ERA-IWG) summarizes available prophylactic and\/or early treatment options (i.e. neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and direct-acting antivirals) of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with immune-mediated kidney disease, chronic kidney disease and kidney transplant recipients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfad044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]],"date-time":"2023-03-07T19:33:56Z","timestamp":1678217636000},"page":"1807-1816","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prophylactic and early outpatient treatment of COVID-19 in patients with kidney disease: considerations from the Immunonephrology Working Group of the European Renal Association (ERA-IWG)"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3712-7171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc","family":"Hilhorst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre , Amsterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederike J","family":"Bemelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre , Amsterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Bruchfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University , Link\u00f6ping , Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital and CLINTEC Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gema M","family":"Fernandez-Juarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Hospital Universitatio Fundacion Alcorcon , Alcorcon , Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Floege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital , Aachen , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Frangou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Limassol General Hospital, Limassol, Cyprus; University of Nicosia Medical School , Nicosia , Cyprus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Goumenos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Patras University Hospital , Patras , Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cees","family":"van Kooten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Transplant Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Kronbichler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kate I","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glasgow Renal and Transplant Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital , Glasgow , UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kultigin","family":"Turkmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University , Konya , Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W Joost","family":"Wiersinga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centre , Amsterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans-Joachim","family":"Anders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University , Munich , Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023073100372151400_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.09.036","article-title":"Immunological and clinical efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in immunocompromised populations: a systematic review","volume":"28","author":"Galmiche","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin 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