{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T00:47:15Z","timestamp":1784940435613,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,18]],"date-time":"2023-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016348","name":"Kyowa Kirin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016348","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The optimal range of serum iron markers and usefulness of iron supplementation are uncertain in patients with pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD). We investigated the association between serum iron indices and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and the effectiveness of iron supplementation using Chronic Kidney Disease Japan Cohort data.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We included 1416 patients ages 20\u201375\u00a0years with pre-dialysis CKD. The tested exposures were serum transferrin saturation and serum ferritin levels and the outcome measures were any cardiovascular event. Fine\u2013Gray subdistribution hazard models were used to examine the association between serum iron indices and time to events. The multivariable fractional polynomial interaction approach was used to evaluate whether serum iron indices were effect modifiers of the association between iron supplementation and cardiovascular events.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The overall incidence rate of CVD events for a median of 4.12\u00a0years was 26.7 events\/1000 person-years. Patients with serum transferrin saturation &amp;lt;20% demonstrated an increased risk of CVD [subdistribution hazard ratio (HR) 2.13] and congestive heart failure (subdistribution HR 2.42). The magnitude of reduction in CVD risk with iron supplementation was greater in patients with lower transferrin saturations (P\u00a0=\u00a0.042).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Maintaining transferrin saturation &amp;gt;20% and adequate iron supplementation may effectively reduce the risk of CVD events in patients with pre-dialysis CKD.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfad096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T01:47:35Z","timestamp":1684460855000},"page":"2713-2722","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Association between serum iron markers, iron supplementation and cardiovascular morbidity in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0420-5583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takeshi","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Showa University Research Administration Center (SURAC), Showa University , Tokyo , Japan"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine"},{"name":"Department of Hygiene, Public Health, and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University , Tokyo , Japan"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Research for Communities and Clinical Excellence, Fukushima Medical University , Fukushima , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Imaizumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital , Nagoya , Japan"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , 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