{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T04:41:18Z","timestamp":1791520878565,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004325","name":"AstraZeneca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Hyperkalaemia is a barrier to achieving optimal, guideline-directed treatment with renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASis) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and\/or heart failure (HF). This study describes the association between hyperkalaemia-related RAASi treatment reduction and the number of hospitalized days in patients with CKD and\/or HF in Sweden and Japan.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Using data from health registers and hospital medical records, patients with CKD and\/or HF currently receiving RAASis who experienced an index hyperkalaemia episode were identified and categorized as having maintained or reduced RAASi treatment post-index; propensity score matching (1:1) was applied to balance the groups in terms of baseline characteristics. Changes in the number of all-cause, CKD- and HF-related hospitalized days per patient-year during 6\u00a0months pre- versus post-index and the number of days alive and out of hospital (DAOH) during 6\u00a0months post-index were described.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Overall, 20\u00a0824 and 7789 patients were included from Sweden and Japan, respectively, 42% and 38% of whom reduced their RAASi treatment after the index hyperkalaemia episode. During the 6\u00a0months post-index, all-cause hospitalization increased by 18.2\u00a0days [95% confidence interval (CI) 17.0\u201319.2] per person-year in Sweden and 17.9\u00a0days (95% CI 17.4\u201318.5) per person-year in Japan among patients with reduced RAASi treatment compared with increases of 9.4\u00a0days (95% CI 8.6\u201310.4) and 8.5\u00a0days (95% CI 8.0\u20139.0) per person-year, respectively, among patients with maintained RAASi treatment. The mean DAOH was 121.5 [standard deviation (SD) 75.0] in Sweden and 141.7 (SD 54.5) in Japan among patients with reduced RAASi treatment compared with 154.0 (SD 51.3) and 157.5 (SD 31.6), respectively, among patients with maintained RAASi treatment.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Patients whose RAASi treatment was reduced after a hyperkalaemia episode had more hospitalized days and fewer DAOH compared with patients whose RAASi treatment was maintained.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfae016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,20]],"date-time":"2024-01-20T20:28:03Z","timestamp":1705782483000},"page":"1258-1267","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Hyperkalaemia-related reduction of RAASi treatment associates with more subsequent inpatient care"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Maria K","family":"Svensson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Renal Medicine, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toyoaki","family":"Murohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine , Nagoya , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Les\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CVRM Evidence, AstraZeneca , Gothenburg , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Real World Science and Digital, AstraZeneca , Cambridge , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Cars","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sence Research AB , Uppsala , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krister","family":"J\u00e4rbrink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CVRM Evidence, AstraZeneca , Gothenburg , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gengshi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Economics and Payer Evidence, AstraZeneca , Cambridge , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naru","family":"Morita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CVRM Medical Affairs, AstraZeneca , Osaka , Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudhir","family":"Venkatesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical and Payer Evidence Statistics, BioPharmaceuticals Medical, AstraZeneca , Cambridge , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eiichiro","family":"Kanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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