{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T20:12:52Z","timestamp":1792872772454,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,11]],"date-time":"2024-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707609600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The histopathological lesions, minimal change disease (MCD) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) are entities without immune complex deposits which can cause podocyte injury, thus are frequently grouped under the umbrella of podocytopathies. Whether MCD and FSGS may represent a spectrum of the same disease remains a matter of conjecture. Both frequently require repeated high-dose glucocorticoid therapy with alternative immunosuppressive treatments reserved for relapsing or resistant cases and response rates are variable. There is an unmet need to identify patients who should receive immunosuppressive therapies as opposed to those who would benefit from supportive strategies. Therapeutic trials focusing on MCD are scarce, and the evidence used for the 2021 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guideline for the management of glomerular diseases largely stems from observational and pediatric trials. In FSGS, the differentiation between primary forms and those with underlying genetic variants or secondary forms further complicates trial design. This article provides a perspective of the Immunonephrology Working Group (IWG) of the European Renal Association (ERA) and discusses the KDIGO 2021 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Glomerular Diseases focusing on the management of MCD and primary forms of FSGS in the context of recently published evidence, with a special emphasis on the role of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, supportive treatment options and ongoing clinical trials in the field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfae025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,11]],"date-time":"2024-02-11T02:20:37Z","timestamp":1707618037000},"page":"569-580","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Management of adult patients with podocytopathies: an update from the ERA Immunonephrology Working Group"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0362-8154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Safak","family":"Mirioglu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Bezmialem Vakif University School of Medicine , Istanbul ,","place":["Turkey"]},{"name":"Department of Immunology, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University , Istanbul ,","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Daniel-Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7610-7830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilay","family":"Berke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Marmara University School of Medicine , Istanbul ,","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed Hasan","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Renal Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals , Cambridge ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingeborg M","family":"Bajema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9752-9941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annette","family":"Bruchfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University , Link\u00f6ping ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Department of Renal Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital and CLINTEC Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gema M","family":"Fernandez-Juarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Hospital Unversitatio Fundacion Alcorcon , Alcorcon ,","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Floege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital , Aachen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eleni","family":"Frangou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Limassol General Hospital , Limassol , ; , Nicosia ,","place":["Cyprus Cyprus"]},{"name":"University of Nicosia Medical School , Limassol , ; , Nicosia ,","place":["Cyprus Cyprus"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Goumenos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Patras University Hospital , Patras ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Griffith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust Renal and Transplant Centre, Hammersmith Hospital , London ,","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9377-4133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah M","family":"Moran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cork University Hospital, University College Cork , Cork ,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cees","family":"van Kooten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Transplant Medicine, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Steiger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine IV, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University , Munich ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2291-1692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate I","family":"Stevens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Glasgow Renal and Transplant Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital , Glasgow ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kultigin","family":"Turkmen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Necmettin Erbakan University , Konya ,","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa C","family":"Willcocks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Renal Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals , Cambridge ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Kronbichler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine IV, Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University Innsbruck , Innsbruck ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2016.147","article-title":"Minimal change disease and idiopathic FSGS: manifestations of the same disease","volume":"12","author":"Maas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.02.031","article-title":"Podocyte protease activated receptor 1 stimulation in mice produces focal segmental glomerulosclerosis mirroring human disease signaling events","volume":"104","author":"May","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2021060794","article-title":"Discovery of autoantibodies targeting nephrin in minimal change disease supports a novel autoimmune etiology","volume":"33","author":"Watts","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib4","article-title":"A multi-institutional study found a possible role of anti-nephrin antibodies in post-transplant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis recurrence","author":"Shirai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2022.10.023","article-title":"Precision nephrology identified tumor necrosis factor activation variability in minimal change disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis","volume":"103","author":"Mariani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2021.05.021","article-title":"KDIGO 2021 clinical practice guideline for the management of glomerular diseases","volume":"100","author":"KDIGO Glomerular Diseases Work Group","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.05000516","article-title":"Minimal change disease","volume":"12","author":"Vivarelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2015.04.006","article-title":"AJKD Atlas of renal pathology: minimal change disease","volume":"66","author":"Fogo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfv245","article-title":"The evolution of morphological variants of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: a repeat biopsy-based observation","volume":"31","author":"Zhong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2003.10.024","article-title":"Pathologic classification of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: a working proposal","volume":"43","author":"D'Agati","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1159\/000515528","article-title":"The Association between glomerular diameter and secondary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in chronic kidney disease","volume":"46","author":"Zamami","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney Blood Press Res"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2012020187","article-title":"IgM contributes to glomerular injury in FSGS","volume":"24","author":"Strassheim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1568","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2008.413","article-title":"Podocyte foot process effacement as a diagnostic tool in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis","volume":"74","author":"Deegens","year":"2008","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12008","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-91520-9","article-title":"Degree of foot process effacement in patients with genetic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: a single-center analysis and review of the literature","volume":"11","author":"Ishizuka","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2017090958","article-title":"Differentiating primary, genetic, and secondary FSGS in adults: a clinicopathologic approach","volume":"29","author":"De Vriese","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03531006","article-title":"Adult minimal-change disease: clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes","volume":"2","author":"Waldman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0196-7","article-title":"Podocytopathies","volume":"6","author":"Kopp","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.ndt.a027136","article-title":"Long-term outcome of adult-onset minimal-change nephropathy","volume":"11","author":"Mak","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2012040389","article-title":"Treatment of primary FSGS in adults","volume":"23","author":"Korbet","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2004070593","article-title":"Focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis: definition and relevance of a partial remission","volume":"16","author":"Troyanov","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2012070734","article-title":"The treatment of minimal change disease in adults","volume":"24","author":"Hogan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2016.10.032","article-title":"The clinical course of minimal change nephrotic syndrome with onset in adulthood or late adolescence: a case series","volume":"69","author":"Maas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102671","article-title":"Rituximab in adult minimal change disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis\u2014what is known and what is still unknown?","volume":"19","author":"Gauckler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.2147\/IJNRD.S126844","article-title":"Optimal management of primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in adults","volume":"10","author":"Beaudreuil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.0000000000000076","article-title":"A clinical workflow for cost-saving high-rate diagnosis of genetic kidney diseases","volume":"34","author":"Becherucci","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011040388","article-title":"APOL1 genetic variants in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and HIV-associated nephropathy","volume":"22","author":"Kopp","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-022-00538-3","article-title":"The evolving story of apolipoprotein L1 nephropathy: the end of the beginning","volume":"18","author":"Daneshpajouhnejad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1806891","article-title":"Diagnostic utility of exome sequencing for kidney disease","volume":"380","author":"Groopman","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.07370715","article-title":"Rapid response to cyclosporin A and favorable renal outcome in nongenetic versus genetic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome","volume":"11","author":"B\u00fcscher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85ra46","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3002231","article-title":"Rituximab targets podocytes in recurrent focal segmental glomerulosclerosis","volume":"3","author":"Fornoni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib31","first-page":"CD001537","article-title":"Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Azukaitis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib32","first-page":"18","article-title":"Adult minimal change nephropathy: experience of the collaborative study of glomerular disease","volume":"97","author":"Coggins","year":"1986","journal-title":"Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.06180519","article-title":"Randomized, controlled trial of Tacrolimus and prednisolone monotherapy for adults with","volume":"15","author":"Medjeral-Thomas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib34","first-page":"18","article-title":"Steroid therapy and prognosis of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in the elderly","volume":"42","author":"Nagai","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-023-03092-7","article-title":"Efficacy of low-dose rituximab in minimal change disease and prevention of relapse","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfaa133","article-title":"Comparison of treatment options in adults with frequently relapsing or steroid-dependent minimal change disease","volume":"36","author":"Heybeli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfaa191","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of rituximab in adult frequent-relapsing or steroid-dependent minimal change disease or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Xue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-020-01943-3","article-title":"Efficacy of repeat-dose rituximab maintenance therapy for minimal change disease in adults","volume":"24","author":"Taguchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Exp Nephrol"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.10.006","article-title":"NEPHRUTIX: a randomized, double-blind, placebo vs Rituximab-controlled trial assessing T-cell subset changes in minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome","volume":"88","author":"Boumediene","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfad122","article-title":"Rituximab in the treatment of primary FSGS: time for its use in routine clinical practice?","volume":"16","author":"Morris","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1159\/000477944","article-title":"High-dose Rituximab ineffective for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: a long-term observation study","volume":"46","author":"Roccatello","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2022.05.024","article-title":"The role of Rituximab in primary focal segmental glomerular sclerosis of the adult","volume":"7","author":"Tedesco","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2022.08.006","article-title":"Circulating anti-Rituximab antibodies do not affect response to Rituximab in steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Angeletti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2021111472","article-title":"Long-term efficacy and safety of repeated rituximab to maintain remission in idiopathic childhood nephrotic syndrome: an international study","volume":"33","author":"Chan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2021.03.019","article-title":"Low regulatory T-cells: a distinct immunological subgroup in minimal change nephrotic syndrome with early relapse following rituximab therapy","volume":"235","author":"Chan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Res"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.06.013","article-title":"Age and memory B cells at baseline are associated with risk of relapse and memory B-cell reappearance following anti-CD20 treatment in pediatric frequently-relapsing\/steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome","volume":"104","author":"Colucci","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.04.006","article-title":"Atypical IgM on T cells predict relapse and steroid dependence in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome","volume":"96","author":"Colucci","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2015050523","article-title":"B cell reconstitution after Rituximab treatment in idiopathic nephrotic syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Colucci","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726428","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.726428","article-title":"CyTOF-enabled analysis identifies class-switched B cells as the main lymphocyte subset associated with disease relapse in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Fribourg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.11941115","article-title":"T lymphocyte activation markers as predictors of responsiveness to Rituximab among patients with FSGS","volume":"11","author":"Chan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfab323","article-title":"Proteinuria selectivity index predicts response to rituximab in adults with minimal change disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis","volume":"37","author":"Allinovi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2021.10.017","article-title":"Efficacy of Rituximab in treatment-resistant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with elevated soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor and activation of podocyte \u03b23 integrin","volume":"7","author":"Hladunewich","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1986.130","article-title":"Adult-onset minimal change nephrotic syndrome: a long-term follow-up","volume":"29","author":"Nolasco","year":"1986","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii50","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfad069","article-title":"CKD therapy to improve outcomes of immune-mediated glomerular diseases","volume":"38","author":"Anders","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.09911.x","article-title":"The role of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the progression of chronic kidney disease","author":"Remuzzi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2018010091","article-title":"DUET: a phase 2 study evaluating the efficacy and safety of Sparsentan in patients with FSGS","volume":"29","author":"Trachtman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2020.04.014","article-title":"Proteinuria reduction and kidney survival in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis","volume":"77","author":"Troost","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2436","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2308550","article-title":"Sparsentan versus Irbesartan in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis","volume":"389","author":"Rheault","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2024816","article-title":"Dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"383","author":"Heerspink","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2204233","article-title":"Empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"388","author":"Herrington","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2021.03.033","article-title":"A pre-specified analysis of the DAPA-CKD trial demonstrates the effects of dapagliflozin on major adverse kidney events in patients with IgA nephropathy","volume":"100","author":"Wheeler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfab335","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of dapagliflozin in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: a prespecified analysis of the dapagliflozin and prevention of adverse outcomes in chronic kidney disease (DAPA-CKD) trial","volume":"37","author":"Wheeler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02074-8","article-title":"Impact of diabetes on the effects of sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors on kidney outcomes: collaborative meta-analysis of large placebo-controlled trials","volume":"400","author":"Group NDoPHRS, Consortium SiM-AC-RT","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)02230-4","article-title":"Zibotentan in combination with dapagliflozin compared with dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease (ZENITH-CKD): a multicentre, randomised, active-controlled, phase 2b, clinical trial","volume":"402","author":"Heerspink","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2025845","article-title":"Effect of finerenone on chronic kidney disease outcomes in type 2 diabetes","volume":"383","author":"Bakris","year":"2020","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2022.10.004","article-title":"Novel treatment paradigms: focal segmental glomerulosclerosis","volume":"8","author":"de Cos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-020-04811-0","article-title":"A global antiB cell strategy combining obinutuzumab and daratumumab in severe pediatric nephrotic syndrome","volume":"36","author":"Dossier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2202396","article-title":"Inaxaplin for proteinuric kidney disease in persons with two","volume":"388","author":"Egbuna","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04780517","article-title":"An outcomes-based definition of proteinuria remission in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis","volume":"13","author":"Troost","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2024100107405590700_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1038\/kisup.2012.18","volume":"2","author":"KDIGO Clinical practice guidelines for glomerulonephritis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"}],"container-title":["Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ndt\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfae025\/56682950\/gfae025.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ndt\/article-pdf\/39\/4\/569\/59465225\/gfae025.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ndt\/article-pdf\/39\/4\/569\/59465225\/gfae025.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T07:42:05Z","timestamp":1727768525000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ndt\/article\/39\/4\/569\/7606323"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,10]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,10]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfae025","relation":{},"ISSN":["0931-0509","1460-2385"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0931-0509","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2385","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,10]]}}}