{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:29:54Z","timestamp":1787009394386,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,26]],"date-time":"2024-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"BMBF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01ZX1912A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01ZX1912A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"BMBF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01ZX1912B"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01ZX1912B"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"BMBF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01ZX1912C"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01ZX1912C"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"BMBF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01ER0804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01ER0804"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"KfH Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Persons with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk of adverse events, early mortality and multimorbidity. A detailed overview of adverse event types and rates from a large CKD cohort under regular nephrological care is missing. We generated an interactive tool to enable exploration of adverse events and their combinations in the prospective, observational German CKD (GCKD) study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The GCKD study enrolled 5217 participants under regular nephrological care with an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 30\u201360 or &amp;gt;60\u00a0mL\/min\/1.73 m2 and an overt proteinuria. Cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and peripheral vascular, kidney, infection, and cancer events, as well as deaths were adjudicated following a standard operation procedure. We summarized these time-to-event data points for exploration in interactive graphs within an R shiny app. Multivariable adjusted Cox models for time to first event were fitted. Cumulative incidence functions, Kaplan\u2013Meier curves and intersection plots were used to display main adverse events and their combinations by sex and CKD etiology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Over a median of 6.5 years, 10\u2009271 events occurred in 2947 participants (56.5%), of which 680 participants (13.0%) died. The new publicly available interactive platform enables readers to scrutinize adverse events and their combinations as well as mortality trends as a gateway to better understand multimorbidity in CKD: incident rates per 1000 patient-years varied by event type, CKD etiology and baseline characteristics. Incidence rates for the most frequent events and their recurrence were 113.6 (cardiovascular), 75.0 (kidney) and 66.0 (infection). Participants with presumed diabetic kidney disease and men were more prone to experiencing events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This comprehensive explorative tool to visualize adverse events (https:\/\/www.gckd.org\/studienhintergrund\/previous-study-results\/event-analysis\/), their combination, mortality and multimorbidity among persons with CKD may serve as a valuable resourec for patient care, identification of high-risk groups, health services and public health policy planning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfae092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,24]],"date-time":"2024-04-24T07:47:24Z","timestamp":1713944844000},"page":"2016-2024","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Interactive exploration of adverse events and multimorbidity in CKD"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0851-5773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inga","family":"Steinbrenner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg , Freiburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fruzsina","family":"Kotsis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg , Freiburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg , Freiburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Kosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter L. Reichertz Institute for Medical Informatics of TU Braunschweig and Hannover Medical School, Hannover Medical School , Hannover ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Bioinformatics, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen , G\u00f6ttingen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heike","family":"Meiselbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg , Erlangen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"B\u00e4rthlein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Centre for Information and Communication Technology, University Hospital Erlangen , Erlangen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0934-7620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Stockmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center Regensburg , Regensburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Lipovsek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg , Freiburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena U","family":"Zacharias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter L. Reichertz Institute for Medical Informatics of TU Braunschweig and Hannover Medical School, Hannover Medical School , Hannover ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1102-6532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Altenbuchinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Bioinformatics, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen , G\u00f6ttingen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Dienemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Operative Intensive Care, University Hospital Regensburg , Regensburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Wytopil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical and Molecular Virology, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg , Erlangen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1583-7191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"B\u00e4chle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg , Freiburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5080-0979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Sommerer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Renal Center , Heidelberg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Titze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg , Erlangen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anke","family":"Weigel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg , Erlangen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2871-8669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hansi","family":"Weissensteiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Sch\u00f6nherr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2139-7329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas","family":"Forer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadine S","family":"Kurz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Bioinformatics, University Medical Center G\u00f6ttingen , G\u00f6ttingen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Menne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology , Rheumatology and Vascular Medicine, KRH Klinikum Siloah, Hannover ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Schlieper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zentrum f\u00fcr Nieren- , Hochdruck- und Stoffwechselerkrankungen, Hannover ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen , Aachen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5265-8088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus P","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg , Erlangen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elke","family":"Schaeffner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health, Charit\u00e9 \u2013 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan T","family":"Kielstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Clinic V Nephrology, Rheumatology, Blood Purification \u2013 Academic Teaching Hospital Braunschweig , Braunschweig ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Sitter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Ludwig-Maximilians University , Munich ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Floege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen , Aachen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9507-5301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Wanner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research and Epidemiology, German Heart Failure Center, University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg , W\u00fcrzburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2229-1120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Kronenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"K\u00f6ttgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg , Freiburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7889-6156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Busch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine III, Nephrology, University Hospital Jena \u2013 Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Jena ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Krane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research and Epidemiology, German Heart Failure Center, University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg , W\u00fcrzburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine I, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital W\u00fcrzburg , W\u00fcrzburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Schmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn , Bonn ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3823-0920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai-Uwe","family":"Eckardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg , Erlangen ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7541-5310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulla T","family":"Schultheiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg , Freiburg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine IV, Nephrology and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center \u2013 University of Freiburg , Freiburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the GCKD Investigators","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai-Uwe","family":"Eckardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heike","family":"Meiselbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus P","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Schiffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-Ulrich","family":"Prokosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"B\u00e4rthlein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arif B","family":"Ekici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Alberth-Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anke","family":"Weigel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"Marschall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugenia","family":"Schefler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerd","family":"Walz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"K\u00f6ttgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulla T","family":"Schulthei\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fruzsina","family":"Kotsis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Meder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erna","family":"Mitsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ursula","family":"Reinhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Floege","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Turgay","family":"Saritas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Gro\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elke","family":"Schaeffner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seema","family":"Baid-Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Theisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Schmidt-Ott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Zeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Sommerer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehtap","family":"Aykac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunter","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Busch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andy","family":"Steiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Sitter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Wanner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Krane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antje","family":"B\u00f6rner-Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Britta","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Kronenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Raschenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Kollerits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lukas","family":"Forer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Sch\u00f6nherr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hansi","family":"Weissensteiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Oefner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfram","family":"Gronwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Schmid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Nadal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib1","first-page":"1","article-title":"KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease","volume":"3","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30045-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"395","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ii129","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfw420","article-title":"International differences in chronic kidney disease prevalence: a key public health and epidemiologic research issue","volume":"32","author":"Stel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2015050542","article-title":"CKD prevalence varies across the European general population","volume":"27","author":"Bruck","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32064-5","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease","volume":"389","author":"Webster","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfv009","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease and the risk of stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"Masson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041031","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization","volume":"351","author":"Go","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2005101085","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease and mortality risk: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Tonelli","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0248-y","article-title":"Targeting the progression of chronic kidney disease","volume":"16","author":"Ruiz-Ortega","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.06.030","article-title":"AKI on CKD: heightened injury, suppressed repair, and the underlying mechanisms","volume":"92","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib11","first-page":"253","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease and cancer: a troubling connection","volume":"23","author":"Stengel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60240-2","article-title":"Epidemiology of multimorbidity and implications for health care, research, and medical education: a cross-sectional study","volume":"380","author":"Barnett","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cky098","article-title":"Defining and measuring multimorbidity: a systematic review of systematic reviews","volume":"29","author":"Johnston","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib14","first-page":"i4843","article-title":"Clinical assessment and management of multimorbidity: summary of NICE guidance","volume":"354","author":"Farmer","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib15","first-page":"h176","article-title":"Managing patients with multimorbidity in primary care","volume":"350","author":"Wallace","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5001934","article-title":"The exclusion of patients with chronic kidney disease from clinical trials in coronary artery disease","volume":"70","author":"Charytan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.08.1017","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease and coronary artery disease: JACC state-of-the-art review","volume":"74","author":"Sarnak","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.223","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease. A clinical update from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO)","volume":"80","author":"Herzog","year":"2011","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfr456","article-title":"The German Chronic Kidney Disease (GCKD) study: design and methods","volume":"27","author":"Eckardt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfu294","article-title":"Disease burden and risk profile in referred patients with moderate chronic kidney disease: composition of the German Chronic Kidney Disease (GCKD) cohort","volume":"30","author":"Titze","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.10301016","article-title":"Statistical methods for cohort studies of CKD: survival analysis in the setting of competing risks","volume":"12","author":"Hsu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib22","first-page":"559","article-title":"Designing and implementing a biobanking IT framework for multiple research scenarios","volume":"180","author":"Prokosch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stud Health Technol Inform"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1023\/B:EJEP.0000036568.02655.f8","article-title":"Loss to follow-up in cohort studies: how much is too much?","volume":"19","author":"Kristman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3275","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0258(20001215)19:23%3c3275::AID-SIM626%3e3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Statistics in medical journals: some recent trends","volume":"19","author":"Altman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-020-01607-4","article-title":"Costs and healthcare resource use associated with risk of cardiovascular morbidity in patients with chronic kidney disease: evidence from a systematic literature review","volume":"38","author":"Darlington","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4405","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-023-02608-9","article-title":"Global economic burden associated with chronic kidney disease: a pragmatic review of medical costs for the inside CKD research programme","volume":"40","author":"Jha","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-021-02552-2","article-title":"Employment of patients with kidney failure treated with dialysis or kidney transplantation-a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Kirkeskov","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e195","DOI":"10.5210\/ojphi.v8i3.7100","article-title":"Beyond simple charts: design of visualizations for big health data","volume":"8","author":"Ola","year":"2016","journal-title":"Online J Public Health Inform"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e27534","DOI":"10.2196\/27534","article-title":"Interactive visualization applications in population health and health services research: systematic scoping review","volume":"24","author":"Chishtie","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfz260","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease progression and mortality risk profiles in Germany: results from the Chronic Kidney Disease Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study","volume":"35","author":"Reichel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2017.01.050","article-title":"Risks of adverse events in advanced CKD: the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study","volume":"70","author":"Grams","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)07493-4","article-title":"Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"349","author":"Murray","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e63347","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063347","article-title":"Sex differences in age-related cardiovascular mortality","volume":"8","author":"Mikkola","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2006091048","article-title":"Effect of age, gender, and diabetes on excess death in end-stage renal failure","volume":"18","author":"Villar","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq386","article-title":"Sex differences in the impact of diabetes on mortality in chronic dialysis patients","volume":"26","author":"Carrero","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001750","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001750","article-title":"Sex-specific differences in hemodialysis prevalence and practices and the male-to-female mortality rate: the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS)","volume":"11","author":"Hecking","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18555","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-16163-w","article-title":"Sex disparities in mortality among patients with kidney failure receiving dialysis","volume":"12","author":"Jung","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0254554","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0254554","article-title":"Relationship between sex and cardiovascular mortality in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Shajahan","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.23876\/j.krcp.18.0128","article-title":"Impact of chronic kidney disease on mortality: a nationwide cohort study","volume":"38","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Res Clin Pract"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-016-0335-2","article-title":"International Network of Chronic Kidney Disease cohort studies (iNET-CKD): a global network of chronic kidney disease cohorts","volume":"17","author":"Dienemann","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3570","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-29844-x","article-title":"Comparison of outcomes of chronic kidney disease based on etiology: a prospective cohort study from KNOW-CKD","volume":"13","author":"Ryu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.12.013","article-title":"Evaluating the contribution of the cause of kidney disease to prognosis in CKD: results from the Study of Heart and Renal Protection (SHARP)","volume":"64","author":"Haynes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2017.181","article-title":"Sex and gender disparities in the epidemiology and outcomes of chronic kidney disease","volume":"14","author":"Carrero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2203769","article-title":"Cystatin C-based equation to estimate GFR without the inclusion of race and sex","volume":"388","author":"Pottel","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2024112623561972600_bib45","first-page":"63","article-title":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcome KDIGO 2012 Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease","volume":"3","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"}],"container-title":["Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ndt\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfae092\/58403449\/gfae092.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ndt\/article-pdf\/39\/12\/2016\/60817597\/gfae092.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ndt\/article-pdf\/39\/12\/2016\/60817597\/gfae092.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T18:56:35Z","timestamp":1732647395000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ndt\/article\/39\/12\/2016\/7658453"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfae092","relation":{},"ISSN":["0931-0509","1460-2385"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0931-0509","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2385","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]]}}}