{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T19:18:19Z","timestamp":1778786299253,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715040000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Intradialytic hypertension (IDH) is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular events and mortality. Patients with IDH exhibit higher 48-h blood pressure (BP) levels than patients without this condition. Volume and sodium excess are considered a major factor contributing in the development of this phenomenon. This study evaluated the effect of low (137\u00a0mEq\/L) compared with standard (140\u00a0mEq\/L) dialysate sodium concentration on 48-h BP in patients with IDH.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In this randomized, single-blind, crossover study, 29 patients with IDH underwent four hemodialysis sessions with low (137\u00a0mEq\/L) followed by four sessions with standard (140\u00a0mEq\/L) dialysate sodium, or vice versa. Mean 48-h BP, pre-\/post-dialysis and intradialytic BP, pre-dialysis weight, interdialytic weight gain (IDWG) and lung ultrasound B-lines were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mean 48-h systolic\/diastolic BP (SBP\/DBP) were significantly lower with low compared with standard dialysate sodium concentration (137.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a017.0\/81.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a013.7\u00a0mmHg with low vs 142.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a014.5\/84.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a013.9\u00a0mmHg with standard dialysate sodium, P\u00a0=\u00a0.005\/P\u00a0=\u00a0.007, respectively); SBP\/DBP levels were also significantly lower during the 44-h and different 24-h periods. Low dialysate sodium significantly reduced post-dialysis (SBP\/DBP: 150.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a022.3\/91.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a015.1\u00a0mmHg with low vs 166.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a017.3\/94.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a014.9\u00a0mmHg with standard dialysate sodium, P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a0.001\/P\u00a0=\u00a0.134, respectively) and intradialytic (141.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a018.0\/85.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a013.4\u00a0mmHg with low vs 147.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a013.6\/88.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a012.5\u00a0mmHg with standard dialysate sodium, P\u00a0=\u00a0.034\/P\u00a0=\u00a0.013, respectively) BP compared with standard dialysate sodium. Pre-dialysis weight, IDWG and pre-dialysis B lines were also significantly decreased with low dialysate sodium.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Low dialysate sodium concentration significantly reduced 48-h ambulatory BP compared with standard dialysate sodium in patients with IDH. These findings support low dialysate sodium as a major non-pharmacologic approach for BP management in patients with IDH.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>ClinicalTrials.gov study number NCT05430438.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfae104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T00:39:15Z","timestamp":1715042355000},"page":"1900-1910","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Low dialysate sodium and 48-h ambulatory blood pressure in patients with intradialytic hypertension: a randomized crossover study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8863-227X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fotini","family":"Iatridi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Nephrology, Hippokration Hospital, Aristotle 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