{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T04:36:36Z","timestamp":1793421396891,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009891","name":"International Society of Nephrology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009891","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000190","name":"University of Alberta","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RES0033080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RES0033080"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Worldwide, the uptake of peritoneal dialysis (PD) compared with hemodialysis remains limited. This study assessed organizational structures, availability, accessibility, affordability and quality of PD worldwide.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study relied on data from kidney registries as well as survey data from stakeholders (clinicians, policymakers and advocates for people living with kidney disease) from countries affiliated with the International Society of Nephrology (ISN) from July to September 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 167 countries participated in the survey. PD was available in 79% of countries with a median global prevalence of 21.0 [interquartile range (IQR) 1.5\u201362.4] per million population (pmp). High-income countries (HICs) had an 80-fold higher prevalence of PD than low-income countries (LICs) (56.2\u00a0pmp vs 0.7\u00a0pmp). In 53% of countries, adults had greater PD access than children. Only 29% of countries used public funding (and free) reimbursement for PD with Oceania and South East Asia (6%), Africa (10%) and South Asia (14%) having the lowest proportions of countries in this category. Overall, the annual median cost of PD was US$18\u00a0959.2 (IQR US$10\u00a0891.4\u2013US$31\u00a0013.8) with full private out-of-pocket payment in 4% of countries and the highest median cost in LICs (US$30\u00a0064.4) compared with other country income levels (e.g. HICs US$27\u00a0206.0).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ongoing large gaps and variability in the availability, access and affordability of PD across countries and world regions were observed. Of note, there is significant inequity in access to PD by children and for people in LICs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfae130","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,7]],"date-time":"2024-06-07T18:49:59Z","timestamp":1717786199000},"page":"ii18-ii25","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Global structures, practices, and tools for provision of chronic peritoneal dialysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Yeoungjee","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Kidney Disease Research, University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital , Brisbane, Queensland , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brett","family":"Cullis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Child Health, University of Cape Town , Cape Town, South 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