{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T03:06:49Z","timestamp":1788232009664,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"Supplement_2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009891","name":"International Society of Nephrology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009891","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000190","name":"University of Alberta","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RES0033080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RES0033080"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Kidney transplantation (KT) is the preferred modality of kidney replacement therapy with better patient outcomes and quality of life compared with dialytic therapies. This study aims to evaluate the epidemiology, accessibility and availability of KT services in countries and regions around the world.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study relied on data from an international survey of relevant stakeholders (clinicians, policymakers and patient advocates) from countries affiliated with the International Society of Nephrology that was conducted from July to September 2022. Survey questions related to the availability, access, donor type and cost of KT.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In total, 167 countries responded to the survey. KT services were available in 70% of all countries, including 86% of high-income countries, but only 21% of low-income countries. In 80% of countries, access to KT was greater in adults than in children. The median global prevalence of KT was 279.0 [interquartile range (IQR) 58.0\u2013492.0] per million people (pmp) and the median global incidence was 12.2 (IQR 3.0\u201327.8) pmp. Pre-emptive KT remained exclusive to high- and upper-middle-income countries, and living donor KT was the only available modality for KT in low-income countries. The median cost of the first year of KT was $26\u00a0903 USD and varied 1000-fold between the most and least expensive countries.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The availability, access and affordability of KT services, especially in low-income countries, remain limited. There is an exigent need to identify strategies to ensure equitable access to KT services for people with kidney failure worldwide, especially in the low-income countries.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfae144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T23:00:59Z","timestamp":1725577259000},"page":"ii26-ii34","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Worldwide organization and structures for kidney transplantation services"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Andrea K","family":"Viecelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kidney and Transplant Services, Division of Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital , Woolloongabba, Queensland ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Gately","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Kidney and Transplant Services, Division of Medicine, 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Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7401-2934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaomi","family":"Nangaku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Syed","family":"Saad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta ,","place":["Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0846-3187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcello","family":"Tonelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, 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