{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T01:20:13Z","timestamp":1792200013944,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004325","name":"AstraZeneca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Real-world evidence on the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D) is limited. This study described the characteristics, treatment and disease burden in patients with stage 3\u20134 CKD with and without T2D in Finland.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This cohort study used data from primary and hospital care in five municipalities in Finland to identify adults with stage 3\u20134 CKD, defined as having either one estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) measurement of 15\u201359\u00a0mL\/min\/1.73 m2 followed by a second measurement taken \u226590\u00a0days later, or a registered CKD diagnosis. Prevalence was determined on 31 December 2022, and a cohort of incident stage 3\u20134 CKD patients was followed from the first date fulfilling eligibility criteria since 1 January 2016 (index) until death or 31 December 2022, and analyzed by T2D status.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The prevalence of stage 3\u20134 CKD was 6.3%. Among the 12\u00a0474 incident stage 3\u20134 CKD patients, the majority were non-T2D (73%). The median age was similar for non-T2D and T2D CKD patients, respectively. Baseline albuminuria screening was 9% among non-T2D and 53% among T2D. The use of kidney-protective treatments at index was also lower in non-T2D patients (47%), compared with T2D patients (69%). The use of kidney-protective treatments remained unchanged during 12\u00a0months after index. Healthcare resource utilization was high, and CKD or heart failure contributed considerably more to the all-cause healthcare costs than atherosclerotic diseases, regardless of T2D status. In both CKD subgroups, 10% had died within 1\u00a0year.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In Finland, CKD is highly prevalent and associated with high risks and low use of albuminuria testing and kidney-protective medications. Most CKD patients were non-T2D, which showed lower use of preventive management and similar risks compared with T2D patients. These findings call for an urgent need for improved awareness and risk management, especially in non-T2D CKD patients.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfae242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T03:35:56Z","timestamp":1731036956000},"page":"1115-1123","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Characteristics, treatment and disease burden among stage 3\u20134 chronic kidney disease patients with and without type 2 diabetes in Finland during 2016\u20132022"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Kaj","family":"Mets\u00e4rinne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Turku University Hospital Department of Nephrology, , Turku ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Bodeg\u00e5rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Medical Department, , Oslo ,","place":["Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iiro","family":"Toppila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medaffcon Oy , Espoo ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristiina","family":"Uusi-Rauva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medaffcon Oy , Espoo ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Line Elmerdahl","family":"Frederiksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioPharmaceuticals, AstraZeneca Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Medical Department, , Copenhagen ,","place":["Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satu","family":"Brinkmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heinola Health Center , Heinola, Wellbeing services county of P\u00e4ij\u00e4t-H\u00e4me ,","place":["Finland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025053005071288100_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2022.100438","article-title":"Prevalence, outcomes, and cost of chronic kidney disease in a contemporary population of 2\u00b74 million patients from 11 countries: the CaReMe CKD study","volume":"20","author":"Sundstr\u00f6m","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"key":"2025053005071288100_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0158765","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158765","article-title":"Global Prevalence of chronic kidney disease\u2014a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Hill","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025053005071288100_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30045-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"395","author":"Bikbov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet North Am Ed"},{"key":"2025053005071288100_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfz174","article-title":"A single number for advocacy and communication\u2014worldwide more than 850 million individuals have kidney diseases","volume":"34","author":"Jager","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2025053005071288100_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2018.08.004","article-title":"Cardiorenal syndrome: an overview","volume":"25","author":"Ronco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Chronic Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2025053005071288100_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.10.018","article-title":"KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease","volume":"105","author":"Stevens","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2025053005071288100_bib7","article-title":"Diabetes Current Care Guideline. 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