{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T03:48:05Z","timestamp":1791776885240,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lower potassium intake is associated with a higher risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general population. However, there are no stated recommendations on potassium intake in the CKD population owing to limited evidence of benefits from potassium intake and concerns about the risk of hyperkalaemia. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between potassium intake and CKD progression.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 4314 patients aged 18 years or older in Japan were prospectively followed for 5 years using data from the Fukuoka Kidney Disease Registry study. The patients were divided into quartiles according to estimated potassium intake levels assessed by the Tanaka formula from spot urine samples. The primary outcome was CKD progression, which was defined as a composite of a 1.5-fold increase in creatinine concentrations from baseline and development of end-stage kidney disease. We evaluated the relationship between estimated potassium intake and CKD progression using Cox proportional hazards models.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 1490 patients showed CKD progression during the follow-up with an incidence rate of 90.1\/1000 person-years. Patients in the lowest estimated potassium intake quartile had higher hazard ratios for CKD progression than those in the highest quartiles in the multivariable-adjusted Cox models [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) 1.24 (1.03\u20131.48)]. Similarly, each 1-standard deviation decrease in estimated potassium intake as a continuous variable was associated with a higher risk of CKD progression [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) 1.10 (1.03\u20131.19)].<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lower estimated potassium intake is associated with CKD progression in patients with CKD. Therefore, we recommend adequate potassium intake, taking care not to cause serious adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfae277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T02:44:00Z","timestamp":1732761840000},"page":"1362-1373","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Estimated potassium intake and the progression of chronic kidney disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Suenaga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu University Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, , Fukuoka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8916-142X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shigeru","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu University Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, , Fukuoka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromasa","family":"Kitamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukuoka Dental College Department of Internal Medicine, , Fukuoka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8390-2928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Tsuruya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nara Medical University Department of Nephrology, , Kashihara ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9235-5615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshiaki","family":"Nakano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu University Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, , Fukuoka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9006-5937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takanari","family":"Kitazono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kyushu University Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, , Fukuoka ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025063007571462100_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30045-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"395","author":"GBD Chronic Kidney Disease Collaboration","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet North Am Ed"},{"key":"2025063007571462100_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.07.012","article-title":"A single number for advocacy and communication-worldwide more than 850 million individuals have kidney diseases","volume":"96","author":"Jager","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2025063007571462100_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61601-9","article-title":"Worldwide access to treatment for end-stage kidney disease: a systematic review","volume":"385","author":"Liyanage","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet North Am Ed"},{"key":"2025063007571462100_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60687-X","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease: global dimension and perspectives","volume":"382","author":"Jha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet North Am Ed"},{"key":"2025063007571462100_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000167121.14254.a0","article-title":"Kidney in early atherosclerosis","volume":"45","author":"Chade","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"2025063007571462100_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2014.02.013","article-title":"Dietary patterns and risk of death and progression to ESRD in individuals with CKD: a cohort study","volume":"64","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2025063007571462100_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2016.01.016","article-title":"Diet and major renal outcomes: a prospective cohort study. 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