{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T17:09:00Z","timestamp":1775581740331,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004737","name":"National Health Research Institutes","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["11A1-PHPP16-014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11A1-PHPP16-014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004737","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>It is unclear whether low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth and small for gestational age (SGA) could synergistically cause chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). This cohort study was conducted to examine their individual and combined impacts on the development of CKD and ESKD in childhood.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>From the Taiwan Maternal and Child Health Database, we identified 1\u2009477\u2009128 newborns born between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2016. We used a multivariable Cox regression model to assess the excess risk of CKD and ESKD in children with LBW\/preterm\/SGA. They were followed from birth until the occurrence of outcomes or until 31 December 2018, with an average follow-up of 5.78\u00a0years.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study included 1\u2009361\u2009071 infants with birth weight \u22652500\u00a0g (92.14%), 104\u2009855 infants with low birth weight (1500\u00a0g to &amp;lt;2500\u00a0g) (7.10%), 6843 infants with very low birth weight (1000\u00a0g to &amp;lt;1500\u00a0g) (0.46%) and 4349 infants with extremely low birth weight (&amp;lt;1000\u00a0g) (0.29%). The multivariable-adjusted model showed that male infants with low birth weight were associated with an increased risk of CKD [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08\u20131.32] and ESKD (aHR 1.64, 95% CI 1.37\u20131.97). Female infants with LBW had an increased risk of CKD (aHR 1.18, 95% CI 1.06\u20131.32) and ESKD (aHR 1.31, 95% CI 1.09\u20131.58) than those without LBW. In addition to LBW, infants with preterm or SGA condition also had a significantly and synergistically increased risk of CKD and ESKD compared with full-term infants.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We found children with LBW, preterm birth or SGA had a significantly increased risk of CKD and ESKD compared with children without intrauterine growth restriction.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfaf018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T20:08:02Z","timestamp":1738008482000},"page":"1550-1558","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Low birth weight and chronic kidney disease with progression to kidney failure in children"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4677-2415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fu-Shun","family":"Yen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr Yen's Clinic , Taoyuan ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James Cheng-Chung","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nursing, Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University , Taichung City ,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital , Taichung City ,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University , Taichung ,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Taichung ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4792-2985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wan-Yin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital , Taipei ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chi-Ting","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes , Miaoli County ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9254-9399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi-Ling","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes , Miaoli County ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suan-Heoh","family":"Teh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital , Taoyuan ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8209-9627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chii-Min","family":"Hwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital , Taipei ,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine , Taipei ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4563-4341","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih-Cheng","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes , Miaoli County ,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital , Taoyuan ,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University , Taichung ,","place":["Taiwan"]},{"name":"National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes , Yunlin County ,","place":["Taiwan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025080112221515600_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.5.633","article-title":"Prospects for research in reproductive health and birth outcomes","volume":"285","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2025080112221515600_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01198-4","article-title":"National, regional, and global estimates of low birthweight in 2020, with trends from 2000: a systematic analysis","volume":"403","author":"Okwaraji","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025080112221515600_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)02750-2","article-title":"Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults","volume":"403","author":"NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025080112221515600_bib4","volume-title":"Global Nutrition Targets 2025: Low Birth Weight Policy Brief","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2014"},{"key":"2025080112221515600_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfaa167","article-title":"Long-term renal disease after prematurity or fetal growth restriction: who is at risk?","volume":"35","author":"Terstappen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2025080112221515600_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/30.6.1233","article-title":"On the importance\u2014and the unimportance\u2014of birthweight","volume":"30","author":"Wilcox","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2025080112221515600_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.301.6761.1111","article-title":"The fetal and infant origins of adult disease","volume":"301","author":"Barker","year":"1990","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2025080112221515600_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa044160","article-title":"Trajectories of growth among children who have coronary events as adults","volume":"353","author":"Barker","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025080112221515600_bib9","first-page":"S124","article-title":"Nephron mass as a risk factor for progression of renal disease","volume":"63","author":"Brenner","year":"1997","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"2025080112221515600_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2014.251","article-title":"Birth weight, malnutrition and kidney-associated outcomes\u2014a global concern","volume":"11","author":"Luyckx","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"2025080112221515600_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007020252","article-title":"Low birth weight increases risk for end-stage renal disease","volume":"19","author":"Vikse","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2025080112221515600_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2008.12.042","article-title":"Is low birth weight an antecedent of CKD in later life? A systematic review of observational studies","volume":"54","author":"White","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2025080112221515600_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddaa074","article-title":"Relationship between birth weight and chronic kidney disease: evidence from systematics review and two-sample mendelian randomization analysis","volume":"29","author":"Yu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"2025080112221515600_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-9007(97)00193-7","article-title":"Maternal nutrition, fetal nutrition, and disease in later life","volume":"13","author":"Barker","year":"1997","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"2025080112221515600_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756189","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.756189","article-title":"The risk of nephropathy, retinopathy, and leg amputation in patients with diabetes and hypertension: a nationwide, population-based retrospective cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Yen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2025080112221515600_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabet.2023.101443","article-title":"Maternal autoimmune disease associated with a higher risk of offspring with type 1 diabetes: a nationwide mother-child cohort study in Taiwan","volume":"49","author":"Yen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab"},{"key":"2025080112221515600_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E5","DOI":"10.1111\/ijs.12380","article-title":"Identifying renal dysfunction in stroke patients using diagnostic codes in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database","volume":"10","author":"Hsieh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"key":"2025080112221515600_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2017.53","article-title":"Low birth weight is associated with impaired murine kidney development and function","volume":"82","author":"Barnett","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"2025080112221515600_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1159\/000332756","article-title":"Prenatal programming and epigenetics in the genesis of the cardiorenal syndrome","volume":"1","author":"Nistala","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cardiorenal Med"},{"key":"2025080112221515600_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ackd.2014.06.006","article-title":"Early-life course socioeconomic factors and chronic kidney disease","volume":"22","author":"Brophy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv Chronic Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2025080112221515600_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769734","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.769734","article-title":"Prematurity and low birth weight in neonates as a risk factor for obesity, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease in pediatric and adult age","volume":"8","author":"Grillo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2025080112221515600_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfaa001","article-title":"Intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth and risk of end-stage renal disease during the first 50\u2009years of life","volume":"35","author":"Gjerde","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2025080112221515600_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793990","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.793990","article-title":"Low birthweight as a risk factor for non-communicable diseases in adults","volume":"8","author":"Bianchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2025080112221515600_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013060582","article-title":"Prenatal risk factors for childhood CKD","volume":"25","author":"Hsu","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"}],"container-title":["Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ndt\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfaf018\/61652433\/gfaf018.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ndt\/article-pdf\/40\/8\/1550\/61652433\/gfaf018.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ndt\/article-pdf\/40\/8\/1550\/61652433\/gfaf018.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T16:22:25Z","timestamp":1754065345000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ndt\/article\/40\/8\/1550\/7984509"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfaf018","relation":{},"ISSN":["0931-0509","1460-2385"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0931-0509","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2385","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]}}}