{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T05:58:47Z","timestamp":1780379927162,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002947","name":"Anhui Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["9301001807"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["9301001807"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002947","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key Project of Anhui Translational Medicine Research Institute","award":["2022zhyx-B08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022zhyx-B08"]}]},{"name":"Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010002","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KFJJ-2020-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KFJJ-2020-13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CKD is one of the most prevalent non-communicable health concerns worldwide and anaemia is a common complication of CKD. However, analysis of its prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs) and trends in the population on a global scale is lacking. Our study aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of the burden of anaemia associated with CKD from 1990 to 2019 and predictions to 2050.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The prevalence and YLDs of CKD-associated anaemia were analysed worldwide, by 5 sociodemographic index (SDI) regions, by 21 geographical regions and by 204 countries and territories separately. The hierarchical age-period-cohort (APC) model was adopted to estimate the temporal trends from 1990 to 2019. The Bayesian APC model was used to predict the burden of CKD-associated anaemia from 2020 to 2050. Finally, the burden of CKD-associated anaemia was analysed by age and sex separately.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 1990 to 2019, the global disease burden of CKD-associated anaemia increased dramatically. A higher age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) of CKD-associated anaemia was observed in low-middle SDI regions and a decreasing trend of ASPR associated with severe anaemia in all SDI regions. The prevalence of CKD-associated anaemia was projected to be &amp;gt;124 million by 2050.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In summary, a significant burden of anaemia associated with CKD is projected to continue increasing until 2050, with noticeable regional discrepancies. Findings here are valuable to deploy efficient measures to address the evolving public health challenge posed by anaemia from CKD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfaf102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,19]],"date-time":"2025-06-19T07:55:25Z","timestamp":1750319725000},"page":"2289-2299","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Global, regional, and national burden of renal anemia, 1990 to 2019 and prediction to 2050"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Yifan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Department of General Surgery, , Hefei ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liting","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Department of Nephrology, , Hefei ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation and Immunity-mediated Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University , Hefei ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yixuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Department of General Surgery, , Hefei ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Anhui Public Health Clinical Center , Hefei ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junkun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Department of General Surgery, , Hefei ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Anhui Public Health Clinical Center , Hefei ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zilong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Department of General Surgery, , Hefei ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Anhui Public Health Clinical Center , Hefei ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University , Hefei ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongjun","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Department of General Surgery, , Hefei ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deguang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Department of Nephrology, , Hefei ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation and Immunity-mediated Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenbin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Department of General Surgery, , Hefei ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Anhui Public Health Clinical Center , Hefei ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3013-0714","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University Department of Nephrology, , Hefei ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Institute of Kidney Disease, Inflammation and Immunity-mediated Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University , Hefei ,","place":["China"]},{"name":"Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University , Hefei ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30045-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"395","author":"GBD Chronic Kidney Disease Collaboration","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32279-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","author":"GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-020-01524-6","article-title":"Burden of anemia in chronic kidney disease: beyond erythropoietin","volume":"38","author":"Hanna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"2025112604022079300_bib4","first-page":"S117","article-title":"KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease","volume":"105","author":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes CKD Work Group","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2015.82","article-title":"Anaemia in kidney disease: harnessing hypoxia responses for therapy","volume":"11","author":"Koury","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e84943","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084943","article-title":"Prevalence of anemia in chronic kidney disease in the United States","volume":"9","author":"Stauffer","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-018-0861-1","article-title":"Prevalence, treatment patterns, and healthcare resource utilization in Medicare and commercially insured non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease patients with and without anemia in the United States","volume":"19","author":"St Peter","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01438-6","article-title":"The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010\u201319: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"400","author":"GBD 2019 Cancer Risk Factors Collaborators","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00395-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of 12 mental disorders in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"9","author":"GBD 2019 Mental Disorders Collaborators","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","article-title":"Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","author":"GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31891-9","article-title":"Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality and life expectancy, 1950\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","author":"GBD 2017 Mortality Collaborators","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30041-8","article-title":"Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"393","author":"GBD 2017 Diet Collaborators","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32203-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"392","author":"GBD 2017 Causes of Death Collaborators","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2021.07.012","article-title":"Epidemiological and sociodemographic transitions of female breast cancer incidence, death, case fatality and DALYs in 21 world regions and globally, from 1990 to 2017: an age-period-cohort analysis","volume":"37","author":"Mubarik","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00287-9","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of spinal cord injury, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"22","author":"GBD Spinal Cord Injuries Collaborators","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1931","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00432-1","article-title":"The burden of diseases and risk factors in Bangladesh, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"11","author":"GBD 2019 Bangladesh Burden of Disease Collaborators","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"04154","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.13.04154","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burdens of atrial fibrillation\/flutter from 1990 to 2019: an age-period-cohort analysis using the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1080\/03014460.2019.1707872","article-title":"Age period cohort analysis: a review of what we should and shouldn't do","volume":"47","author":"Bell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Hum Biol"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2296","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-14-0300","article-title":"A web tool for age-period-cohort analysis of cancer incidence and mortality rates","volume":"23","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.07.013","article-title":"Clarifying hierarchical age-period-cohort models: a rejoinder to Bell and Jones","volume":"145","author":"Reither","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2015.01.011","article-title":"Should age-period-cohort studies return to the methodologies of the 1970s?","volume":"128","author":"Reither","year":"2015","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011111078","article-title":"Mechanisms of anemia in CKD","volume":"23","author":"Babitt","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2014.05.013","article-title":"Erythropoiesis-stimulating agent use among non-dialysis-dependent CKD patients before and after the trial to reduce cardiovascular events with Aranesp Therapy (TREAT) using a large US health plan database","volume":"64","author":"Thamer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1901713","article-title":"Roxadustat treatment for anemia in patients undergoing long-term dialysis","volume":"381","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2035938","article-title":"Vadadustat in patients with anemia and non-dialysis-dependent CKD","volume":"384","author":"Chertow","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfaa088","article-title":"Types of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents and risk of end-stage kidney disease and death in patients with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease","volume":"36","author":"Minutolo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.05.009","article-title":"Novel anemia therapies in chronic kidney disease: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference","volume":"104","author":"Ku","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2021.03.020","article-title":"Controversies in optimal anemia management: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Conference","volume":"99","author":"Babitt","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0236132","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0236132","article-title":"Prevalence of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease in Japan: a nationwide, cross-sectional cohort study using data from the Japan Chronic Kidney Disease Database (J-CKD-DB)","volume":"15","author":"Sofue","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0166635","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0166635","article-title":"The prevalence of anemia and moderate-severe anemia in the US population (NHANES 2003\u20132012)","volume":"11","author":"Le","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib31","first-page":"279","article-title":"KDIGO clinical practice guideline for anemia in chronic kidney disease","volume":"2","author":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Anemia Work Group","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xkme.2022.100535","article-title":"Sex differences in CKD-associated mortality from 1990 to 2019: data from the global burden of disease study","volume":"4","author":"Hockham","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Med"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2021.10.022","article-title":"Nephrologists\u2019 perspectives on gender disparities in CKD and dialysis","volume":"7","author":"Tong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2017.181","article-title":"Sex and gender disparities in the epidemiology and outcomes of chronic kidney disease","volume":"14","author":"Carrero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32594-0","article-title":"Iron deficiency","volume":"397","author":"Pasricha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/kisup.2015.6","article-title":"Thresholds of iron markers for iron deficiency erythropoiesis\u2014finding of the Japanese nationwide dialysis registry","volume":"5","author":"Hamano","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl (2011)"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2013.168","article-title":"Nephrology in Africa--not yet uhuru","volume":"9","author":"Swanepoel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib38","article-title":"FDA drug safety communication: modified dosing recommendations to improve the safe use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) in chronic kidney disease","author":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration","year":"2011"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907845","article-title":"A trial of darbepoetin alfa in type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease","volume":"361","author":"Pfeffer","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa062276","article-title":"Normalization of hemoglobin level in patients with chronic kidney disease and anemia","volume":"355","author":"Dr\u00fceke","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa065485","article-title":"Correction of anemia with epoetin alfa in chronic kidney disease","volume":"355","author":"Singh","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib42","first-page":"279","article-title":"Kidney disease : improving global outcomes (KDIGO) anemia work group. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for anemia in chronic kidney disease","volume":"2","author":"McMurray","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney International Supplements"},{"key":"2025112604022079300_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2019","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01990-1","article-title":"The Global Burden of Disease Study at 30 years","volume":"28","author":"Murray","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Med"}],"container-title":["Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ndt\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfaf102\/63536520\/gfaf102.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ndt\/article-pdf\/40\/12\/2289\/63536520\/gfaf102.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ndt\/article-pdf\/40\/12\/2289\/63536520\/gfaf102.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T09:02:29Z","timestamp":1764147749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ndt\/article\/40\/12\/2289\/8169907"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfaf102","relation":{},"ISSN":["0931-0509","1460-2385"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0931-0509","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2385","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]}}}