{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T02:20:42Z","timestamp":1793413242342,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Heart Foundation Vanguard Grant"},{"name":"Royal Australasian College of Physicians Jacquot Research Establishment Fellowship","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/047hk9367","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008732","name":"Uehara Memorial Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008732","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1-RAs) are anti-hyperglycaemic agents, with cardioprotective effects, however their renal protective effects remain unclear. We aimed to assess the effects of GLP1-RAs on renal outcomes in patients with or without diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis with Medline, EMBASE and the Cochrane Register searched to December 2024. The primary outcome was the composite of kidney failure (defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate &amp;lt;15 mL\/min\/1.73 m2) or dialysis requirement, worsening of renal function and changes in proteinuria. Subgroup analysis was performed based on diabetic status, a (CKD) and individual GLP1-RA drugs. Relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for individual trials were pooled using random effects models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 19 trials including 90\u2009882 patients. Mean age was 60.8 years and mean follow-up was 25.9 months. GLP1-RAs were associated with a 19% reduction in the risk of primary renal outcome (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.73\u20130.89), a 12% reduction in renal functional decline (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.81\u20130.95) and a 0.45 mL\/min\/1.73 m2 reduction in yearly loss [16 trials, mean difference (MD) 0.45, 95% CI 0.10\u20130.81]. GLP1-RAs also reduced microalbuminuria by 24% (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.71\u20130.82), HbA1c (units: %) by 0.61 (MD \u20130.61, 95% CI \u20130.76 to \u20130.49) and body weight by 5 kg (MD \u20135.24, 95% CI \u20137.46 to \u20133.02). Although there were no significant differences in progression to kidney failure (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.71\u20131.05), GLP1-RAs reduced the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events by 15% (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.81\u20130.90) and all-cause mortality by 14% (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.82\u20130.91). No significant differences were seen in severe adverse events (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.90\u20131.01). However, there were more gastroenterological side effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GLP1-RAs demonstrated cardiovascular and renal benefits. Further high-quality randomized trials assessing their effects in patients without diabetes, with or without proteinuria and\/or CKD are needed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfaf193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T11:57:11Z","timestamp":1758283031000},"page":"681-691","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["The effect of GLP-1 receptor agonists on renal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9525-2638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takaya","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal and Metabolic Division, George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"The Jikei University School of Medicine Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha My-Linh","family":"Giang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Concord Repatriation General Hospital Department of Nephrology, , Sydney, NSW ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Concord Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiajia","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang University Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, , Hangzhou ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Yokoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Jikei University School of Medicine Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, , Tokyo ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal and Metabolic Division, George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1650-8939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rinaldo","family":"Bellomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC-RC), School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University , Melbourne ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Renal and Metabolic Division, George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Concord Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"The Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University , Sydney, NSW ,","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026033111021170700_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.10.018","article-title":"KDIGO 2024 Clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease","volume":"105","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2026033111021170700_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30045-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study","volume":"395","author":"GBD Chronic Kidney Disease Collaboration","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026033111021170700_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.03.001","article-title":"Mechanisms of action and therapeutic application of glucagon-like peptide-1","volume":"27","author":"Drucker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"2026033111021170700_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1611289","article-title":"Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes","volume":"375","author":"Marso","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026033111021170700_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1600140","article-title":"Lixisenatide in type 2 diabetes and acute coronary syndrome","volume":"374","author":"Pfeffer","year":"2016","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026033111021170700_bib6","first-page":"121","article-title":"Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. 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