{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T23:46:49Z","timestamp":1790725609089,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Yu Chiu-Kwong Endowed Professorship in Medicine"},{"name":"Wai Hung Charitable Foundation"},{"name":"Mr and Mrs Tam Wing Fun Edmund Renal Research Fund"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite treatment advances, there are limited data on the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with lupus nephritis (LN) on long-term follow up. In this study, we aim to investigate the prevalence of CKD, its progression over time, and associated risk factors in patients with LN.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective study on Chinese patients with biopsy-proven LN diagnosed in 1981\u20132017. CKD G3\u20135 was defined according to an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of &amp;lt;60\u00a0ml\/min\/m2, for &amp;gt;3 months. Risk factors for CKD progression and adverse outcomes were determined by multivariate logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 183 patients were included. Over a mean follow up of 19.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09.7 years, 34.4% (63 patients) developed CKD G3\u20135, 9.8% developed kidney failure (KF) and 14.2% died. CKD G3-5 was associated with older age, renal impairment and hypertension at presentation, and the occurrence of nephritis flares. eGFR &amp;lt;60\u00a0ml\/min\/1.73\u00a0m2 was present in 24.6% of patients at presentation, and the prevalence decreased to 13.6% and 12% after 6 and 12 months of treatment, respectively, followed by a gradual increase to 15.3%, 16.4%, and 20.8% after 2, 5, and 10 years of follow up, respectively. In multivariate analysis, eGFR &amp;lt;80\u00a0ml\/min\/1.73\u00a0m2 at 1 year [OR 16.684 (95% CI 4.305\u201364.660), P\u00a0&amp;lt;\u00a0.001] and \u22652 nephritis flares [OR 7.237 (95% CI 2.041\u201325.919), P\u00a0=\u00a0.002] were significant predictors of CKD G3\u20135 development and adverse clinical outcomes during follow up. Continuous induction-maintenance treatment with mycophenolate and glucocorticoid was associated with reduced risk of CKD G3\u20135 at 10-years [OR 0.196 (95% CI 0.046\u20130.835), P\u00a0=\u00a0.028].<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CKD G3\u20135 is common, affecting approximately one-fifth of LN patients after 10 years of follow up. eGFR &amp;lt;80\u00a0ml\/min\/1.73\u00a0m2 at 1 year after treatment for active LN and \u22652 nephritis flares are important risk factors, while mycophenolate and glucocorticoid induction-maintenance treatment regimen was associated with a reduced risk of CKD G3\u20135 during follow up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfaf201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T12:10:06Z","timestamp":1759320606000},"page":"725-735","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Chronic kidney disease G3\u20135 in lupus nephritis\u2014prevalence, progression, and risk factors"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Selene T Y","family":"Teoh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong Division of Nephrology, School of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, ,","place":["Hong Kong SAR"]},{"name":"Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore Division of Nephrology, Department of General Medicine, ,","place":["Singapore"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Desmond Y H","family":"Yap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong Division of Nephrology, School of Clinical Medicine, 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