{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T03:20:24Z","timestamp":1787800824913,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Evidence on sex-related differences in chronic kidney disease (CKD)-related complications is limited and often based on cross-sectional studies. This study longitudinally examines clinical and biochemical parameters of CKD complications, focusing on differences between men and women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a retrospective study within the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study cohort, including adults with baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 20\u201370\u00a0mL\/min\/1.73 m\u00b2 and at least one serum creatinine measurement. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and therapeutic data were collected, with a 10-year follow-up. The main clinical and laboratory parameters related to CKD complications [haemoglobin (Hb) for anaemia, total CO2 (tCO\u2082) for acidosis, serum potassium (K+) for hyperkalaemia, systolic blood pressure (SBP) for hypertension, serum phosphorus for hyperphosphataemia and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) for hyperparathyroidism] were evaluated for their longitudinal association in relation to eGFR, with the aim of describing their trajectories, and for their association with mortality. Trajectories were estimated using mixed-effects linear regression, including sex-based comparisons. Associations with mortality were evaluated through time-dependent Cox regression models, with interaction tests to explore sex effects. Sensitivity analyses were conducted restricting the population to post-menopausal women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 3683 individuals (24\u2009075 measurements) were included. Men had higher prevalence of anaemia, acidosis, hyperkalaemia and hyperparathyroidism, while women showed more hyperphosphataemia. Longitudinally, Hb, tCO\u2082 and SBP declined with worsening eGFR, whereas K\u207a, phosphate and iPTH increased. Sex-stratified analyses revealed steeper declines in Hb and tCO\u2082 and more pronounced rise in iPTH among men compared with women. Mortality analyses showed higher all-cause mortality in men. In sex-stratified analyses, no differences in mortality risk were observed between men and women<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study found sex-specific differences in CKD complications: men experienced a faster decline in Hb and tCO\u2082 and a greater increase in iPTH with worsening eGFR. These sex-specific progression patterns did not translate into differences in mortality risk for the complications explored.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfag035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T12:51:18Z","timestamp":1771505478000},"page":"1686-1695","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sex differences in the development of CKD complications"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Gianmarco","family":"Lombardi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Verona Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, , Verona ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1368-374X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"De\u00a0Tomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Verona Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, , Verona ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Lenoci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Verona Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, , Verona ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5733-2370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Gambaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Verona Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, , Verona ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1379-022X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pietro Manuel","family":"Ferraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Verona Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, , Verona ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfh813","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease as cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality","volume":"20","author":"Vanholder","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2005101085","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease and mortality risk: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Tonelli","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2016.05.008","article-title":"The economic burden of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30045-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"395","author":"GBD Chronic Kidney Disease Collaboration","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kisu.2017.07.007","article-title":"Complications of chronic kidney disease: current state, knowledge gaps, and strategy for action","volume":"7","author":"Bello","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib6","first-page":"2024","article-title":"Timing of the CKD complications: a longitudinal analysis","volume":"41","author":"Calabrese","year":"2024","journal-title":"G Ital Nefrol"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S369","DOI":"10.37765\/ajmc.2021.88807","article-title":"Medical costs for managing chronic kidney disease and related complications in patients with chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes","volume":"27","author":"Betts","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.14745","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease diagnosis and management: a review","volume":"322","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2017.04.001","article-title":"Sex differences in cardiovascular disease\u2014impact on care and outcomes","volume":"46","author":"Humphries","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2017.189","article-title":"Sex-specific differences in hypertension and associated cardiovascular disease","volume":"14","author":"Colafella","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60679-X","article-title":"National, regional, and global trends in fasting plasma glucose and diabetes prevalence since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 370 country-years and 2\u00b77 million participants","volume":"378","author":"Danaei","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2022.04.006","article-title":"Sex-based differences in risk factors and complications of chronic kidney disease","volume":"42","author":"Wyld","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib13","first-page":"gfae087","article-title":"Sex differences in chronic kidney disease-related complications and mortality across levels of glomerular filtration rate","author":"Lombardi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V112319","article-title":"Effect of gender on the progression of nondiabetic renal disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Neugarten","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfg317","article-title":"The rate of progression of renal disease may not be slower in women compared with men: a patient-level meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Jafar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3315","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq209","article-title":"Level of renal function in patients starting dialysis: an ERA-EDTA Registry study","volume":"25","author":"Stel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2017.181","article-title":"Sex and gender disparities in the epidemiology and outcomes of chronic kidney disease","volume":"14","author":"Carrero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31561-0","article-title":"Sex and gender: modifiers of health, disease, and medicine","volume":"396","author":"Mauvais-Jarvis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1159\/000505501","article-title":"Is there a gender difference in clinical presentation of renal hyperparathyroidism and outcome after parathyroidectomy?","volume":"36","author":"Bures","year":"2020","journal-title":"Visc Med"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V112330","article-title":"Race is a major determinant of secondary hyperparathyroidism in uremic patients","volume":"11","author":"Gupta","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1093\/joneph\/19.1.70","article-title":"Post-parathyroidectomy serum phosphate kinetics is peculiar to female hemodialysis patients with a high body mass index","volume":"19","author":"Lomonte","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.12.1401","article-title":"Association of kidney function with anaemia: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994)","volume":"162","author":"Astor","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S148","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000070149.78399.CE","article-title":"The Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study: design and methods","volume":"14","author":"Feldman","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00070109","article-title":"Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study: baseline characteristics and associations with kidney function","volume":"4","author":"Lash","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2021.08.003","article-title":"A unifying approach for GFR estimation: recommendations of the NKF-ASN Task Force on Reassessing the Inclusion of Race in Diagnosing Kidney Disease","volume":"79","author":"Delgado","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2258","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfac182","article-title":"Standardization of serum creatinine is essential for accurate use of unbiased estimated GFR equations: evidence from three cohorts matched on renal function","volume":"15","author":"Pottel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-0529","article-title":"Conversion of urine protein-creatinine ratio or urine dipstick protein to urine albumin-creatinine ratio for use in chronic kidney disease screening and prognosis\u202f: an individual participant-based meta-analysis","volume":"173","author":"Sumida","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib28","first-page":"279","article-title":"KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline for Anaemia in Chronic Kidney Disease","volume":"2","author":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Anaemia Work Group","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib29","first-page":"1","article-title":"KDIGO 2017 Clinical Practice Guideline Update for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, Prevention, and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease\u2013Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD)","volume":"7","author":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD-MBD Update Work Group","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib30","first-page":"1","article-title":"KDIGO 2012 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease","volume":"3","author":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2016.163","article-title":"The global burden of chronic kidney disease: estimates, variability and pitfalls","volume":"13","author":"Glassock","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.4491163","article-title":"Level of renal function at the initiation of dialysis in the U.S. end-stage renal disease population","volume":"56","author":"Obrador","year":"1999","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"f324","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f324","article-title":"Associations of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria with mortality and renal failure by sex: a meta-analysis","volume":"346","author":"Nitsch","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.6731","article-title":"An age-calibrated classification of chronic kidney disease","volume":"314","author":"Glassock","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2758","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007040422","article-title":"Age affects outcomes in chronic kidney disease","volume":"18","author":"O\u2019Hare","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38070.450891.FE","article-title":"Predictors for the development of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria in patients with type 1 diabetes: inception cohort study","volume":"328","author":"Hovind","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2523","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-0282","article-title":"Diabetic nephropathy in 27,805 children, adolescents, and adults with type 1 diabetes","volume":"30","author":"Raile","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-020-02151-7","article-title":"The impact of hypertension on chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease is greater in men than women: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Weldegiorgis","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2002.35677","article-title":"Smoking is associated with renal impairment and proteinuria in the normal population: the AusDiab kidney study. Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study","volume":"40","author":"Briganti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293-017-0152-8","article-title":"The protective role of estrogen and estrogen receptors in cardiovascular disease and the controversial use of estrogen therapy","volume":"8","author":"Iorga","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol Sex Differ"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2159739","article-title":"Gender differences in the progression of experimental chronic kidney disease induced by chronic nitric oxide inhibition","volume":"2017","author":"Fanelli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0000000000000463","article-title":"Sex hormones and their influence on chronic kidney disease","volume":"28","author":"Valdivielso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2018.2005.00227.x","article-title":"Gender differences in health habits and in motivation for a healthy lifestyle among Swedish university students","volume":"7","author":"von\u00a0Bothmer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nurs Health Sci"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib44","first-page":"158","article-title":"Gender-related differences in lifestyle may affect health status","volume":"52","author":"Var\u00ec","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Ist Super Sanita"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e789","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad127","article-title":"Sex differences in cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular risk estimation in patients with type 1 diabetes","volume":"108","author":"Dei\u00a0Cas","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011111078","article-title":"Mechanisms of anaemia in CKD","volume":"23","author":"Babitt","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.2001.26842","article-title":"Gender modulates responsiveness to recombinant erythropoietin","volume":"38","author":"Ifudu","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfw084","article-title":"Sex hormones in women with kidney disease","volume":"31","author":"Ahmed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2013.12.003","article-title":"The sex difference in haemoglobin levels in adults\u2014mechanisms, causes, and consequences","volume":"28","author":"Murphy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glt154","article-title":"Testosterone induces erythrocytosis via increased erythropoietin and suppressed hepcidin: evidence for a new erythropoietin\/haemoglobin set point","volume":"69","author":"Bachman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S453","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis247","article-title":"Sex-based differences in food consumption: foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) Population Survey, 2006-2007","volume":"54","author":"Shiferaw","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802277","article-title":"Dietary intake, eating behavior, and physical activity-related determinants of high body mass index in rural communities in Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho","volume":"27","author":"Liebman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F890","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00244.2019","article-title":"Differences in acidosis-stimulated renal ammonia metabolism in the male and female kidney","volume":"317","author":"Harris","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2011.06.011","article-title":"Relation of sex and estrogen therapy to serum fibroblast growth factor 23, serum phosphorus, and urine phosphorus: the Heart and Soul Study","volume":"58","author":"Ix","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2026082623120755600_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2021.115885","article-title":"Age and sex effects on FGF23-mediated response to mild phosphate challenge","volume":"146","author":"Tippen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bone"}],"container-title":["Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ndt\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfag035\/67019775\/gfag035.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ndt\/article-pdf\/41\/9\/1686\/67019775\/gfag035.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ndt\/article-pdf\/41\/9\/1686\/67019775\/gfag035.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T03:12:23Z","timestamp":1787800343000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ndt\/article\/41\/9\/1686\/8493022"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfag035","relation":{},"ISSN":["0931-0509","1460-2385"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0931-0509","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2385","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]}}}