{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T05:58:52Z","timestamp":1785477532048,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Standardized criteria for acute and chronic kidney disease (AKD and CKD, respectively), independent of underlying or concomitant disease, have been developed by international working groups and have been widely validated and adopted. Nonetheless, kidney disease is often underdiagnosed and when it is diagnosed, laboratory measures that determine the duration of kidney disease may not be available, which may result in failure to differentiate AKD and CKD, leading to important deficiencies in care. Chief among these limitations is a lack of information on historical measures of kidney function, which are necessary to determine the \u2018baseline\u2019 status. Analysis of simulated trajectories of serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate reveals that missing historical measures often result in misclassification of kidney disease, with implications for patients, clinicians and healthcare policy. Urgent action is required to address this \u2018unfinished business\u2019 to improve the detection and classification of kidney disease in clinical practice, research and public health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfag052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T12:47:37Z","timestamp":1772887657000},"page":"1429-1435","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Determining baseline serum creatinine in harmonized criteria for kidney disease: unfinished business"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1995-2653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John A","family":"Kellum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Center for Critical Care Nephology, Department of Critical Care Medicine, , Pittsburgh, PA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Cerd\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Albany Medical College Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, , Albany, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew S","family":"Levey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Tufts Medical Center Department of Medicine, , Boston, MA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib1","first-page":"1","article-title":"KDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury","volume":"2","author":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Acute Kidney Injury Work Group","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2021.06.028","article-title":"Harmonizing acute and chronic kidney disease definition and classification: report of a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) consensus conference","volume":"100","author":"Lameire","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"4S","key":"2026073101114735800_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.10.018","article-title":"KDIGO 2024 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease","volume":"105","author":"Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes CKD Work Group","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2017070765","article-title":"Clinical decision support for in-hospital AKI","volume":"29","author":"Al-Jaghbeer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.17002","article-title":"Estimated glomerular filtration rate, albuminuria, and adverse outcomes: an individual-participant data meta-analysis","volume":"330","author":"Writing Group for the CKD Prognosis Consortium","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2024.03.031","article-title":"Acute kidney injury in patients with cirrhosis: Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) and International Club of Ascites (ICA) joint multidisciplinary consensus meeting","volume":"81","author":"Nadim","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201401-0077OC","article-title":"Validation of cell-cycle arrest biomarkers for acute kidney injury using clinical adjudication","volume":"189","author":"Bihorac","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2020.05.015","article-title":"Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin measured on clinical laboratory platforms for the prediction of acute kidney injury and the associated need for dialysis therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"76","author":"Albert","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2024.154926","article-title":"Clinician assessment of kidney function from plasma creatinine values during critical illness: a scenario-based international multi-professional survey","volume":"85","author":"Azzopardi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61843-2","article-title":"NCEPOD report on acute kidney injury-must do better","volume":"374","author":"MacLeod","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2013.12.006","article-title":"GFR estimation: from physiology to public health","volume":"63","author":"Levey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2000","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-2715","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease testing among primary care patients with type 2 diabetes across 24 U.S. health care organizations","volume":"44","author":"Stempniewicz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2102953","article-title":"New creatinine- and cystatin C-based equations to estimate GFR without race","volume":"385","author":"Inker","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/hvab278","article-title":"National Kidney Foundation Laboratory Engagement Working Group recommendations for implementing the CKD-EPI 2021 race-free equations for estimated glomerular filtration rate: practical guidance for clinical laboratories","volume":"68","author":"Miller","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-025-00973-y","article-title":"Sepsis criteria and kidney function: eliminating sex, age and economic status biases","volume":"21","author":"Akcan\u00a0Arikan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2009.502","article-title":"Acute kidney injury in non-severe pneumonia is associated with an increased immune response and lower survival","volume":"77","author":"Murugan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-015-4026-4","article-title":"Does this patient have acute kidney injury? An AKI checklist","volume":"42","author":"Kellum","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.15611219","article-title":"AKI!Now Initiative: recommendations for awareness, recognition, and management of AKI","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-016-4670-3","article-title":"Prevention of cardiac surgery-associated AKI by implementing the KDIGO guidelines in high risk patients identified by biomarkers: the PrevAKI randomized controlled trial","volume":"43","author":"Meersch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2782","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01717-9","article-title":"A preventive care strategy to reduce moderate or severe acute kidney injury after major surgery (BigpAK-2); a multinational, randomised clinical trial","volume":"406","author":"Zarbock","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2616","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60126-X","article-title":"International Society of Nephrology\u2019s 0by25 initiative for acute kidney injury (zero preventable deaths by 2025): a human rights case for nephrology","volume":"385","author":"Mehta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003408","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003408","article-title":"Recognition and management of community-acquired acute kidney injury in low-resource settings in the ISN 0by25 trial: a multi-country feasibility study","volume":"18","author":"Macedo","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The Third International Consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e360","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004845","article-title":"Use of biomarkers to identify acute kidney injury to help detect sepsis in patients with infection","volume":"49","author":"Kellum","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.34067\/KID.0000000000000425","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibitors and kidney protection: mechanisms beyond tubuloglomerular feedback","volume":"5","author":"Upadhyay","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kidney360"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(24)00155-4","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of SGLT2 inhibitors with and without glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists: a SMART-C collaborative meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"12","author":"Apperloo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2024.10.010","article-title":"Care that fits: optimizing value-based care for acute kidney injury survivors","volume":"32","author":"Birkelo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv Kidney Dis Health"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201505-0995OC","article-title":"The effects of alternative resuscitation strategies on acute kidney injury in patients with septic shock","volume-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","author":"Kellum","year":"2016"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000001028","article-title":"Renal histopathologic findings associated with severity of clinical acute kidney injury","volume":"42","author":"Kudose","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201604-0799OC","article-title":"Recovery after acute kidney injury","volume":"195","author":"Kellum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01170215","article-title":"Promoting kidney function recovery in patients with AKI requiring RRT","volume":"10","author":"Cerda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26980","article-title":"Kidney biomarkers and differential diagnosis of patients with cirrhosis and acute kidney injury","volume":"60","author":"Belcher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12010375","article-title":"Acute kidney injury: medical causes and pathogenesis","volume":"12","author":"Turgut","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e191795","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.1795","article-title":"Incidence and prognosis of acute kidney diseases and disorders using an integrated approach to laboratory measurements in a universal health care system","volume":"2","author":"James","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2009.479","article-title":"Commonly used surrogates for baseline renal function affect the classification and prognosis of acute kidney injury","volume":"77","author":"Siew","year":"2010","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003969","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003969","article-title":"Use of an extended KDIGO definition to diagnose acute kidney injury in patients with COVID-19: a multinational study using the ISARIC-WHO clinical characterisation protocol","volume":"19","author":"Wainstein","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30240-9","article-title":"Recognition and management of acute kidney injury in the International Society of Nephrology 0by25 global snapshot: a multinational cross-sectional study","volume":"387","author":"Mehta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2665","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318228234b","article-title":"Acute kidney injury in patients with acute lung injury: impact of fluid accumulation on classification of acute kidney injury and associated outcomes","volume":"39","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e108805","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108805","article-title":"Effects of bed-rest on urea and creatinine: correlation with changes in fat-free mass","volume":"9","author":"Bilancio","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.0000000605","article-title":"Perspectives and experiences of patients with AKI: a systematic review","volume":"20","author":"Natale","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2024.10.013","article-title":"A core outcome set for trials in CKD: report of the Standardized Outcomes in Nephrology-Chronic Kidney Disease (SONG-CKD) stakeholder workshops","volume":"85","author":"Matus\u00a0Gonzalez","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfw241","article-title":"Common chronic conditions do not affect performance of cell cycle arrest biomarkers for risk stratification of acute kidney injury","volume":"31","author":"Heung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e90518","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.90518","article-title":"Evaluating intact parathyroid hormone for differentiating chronic kidney disease from acute kidney injury in hospitalized adults with kidney dysfunction","volume":"17","author":"Dallos\u00a0Ferrerosa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3911","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfp766","article-title":"A comparison of three methods to estimate baseline creatinine for RIFLE classification","volume":"25","author":"Zavada","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2014070724","article-title":"Classifying AKI by urine output versus serum creatinine level","volume":"26","author":"Kellum","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.03.026","article-title":"Knowing your GFR-when is the number not (exactly) the number?","volume":"96","author":"Inker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-018-0052-0","article-title":"Global epidemiology and outcomes of acute kidney injury","volume":"14","author":"Hoste","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.153","article-title":"Raising awareness of acute kidney injury: a global perspective of a silent killer","volume":"84","author":"Lewington","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04961107","article-title":"Epidemiology of acute kidney injury","volume":"3","author":"Cerda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2017.04.009","article-title":"Acute kidney injury recognition in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"2","author":"Cerda","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0003823","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0003823","article-title":"A global snapshot on health systems capacity for detection, monitoring, and management of acute kidney injury: a multinational study from the ISN-GKHA","volume":"4","author":"Wainstein","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLOS Glob Public Health"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30045-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"395","author":"GBD Chronic Kidney Disease Collaboration","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-025-01030-4","article-title":"The global epidemiology of acute kidney injury: challenges and opportunities","volume":"22","author":"Cerda","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e63740","DOI":"10.2196\/63740","article-title":"Linking electronic health record prescribing data and pharmacy dispensing records to identify patient-level factors associated with psychotropic medication receipt: retrospective study","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"JMIR Med Inform"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003123","article-title":"The development of a machine learning inpatient acute kidney injury prediction model","volume":"46","author":"Koyner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfaa099","article-title":"Sustained effects of a clinical decision support system for acute kidney injury","volume":"35","author":"Bataineh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-026-04758-8","article-title":"Distinguishing AKI from CKD: outcomes and characteristics of patients with abnormal serum creatinine and no known baseline","volume":"27","author":"Wong","year":"2026","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m4786","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m4786","article-title":"Electronic health record alerts for acute kidney injury: multicenter, randomized clinical trial","volume":"372","author":"Wilson","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2018090886","article-title":"An organizational-level program of intervention for AKI: a pragmatic stepped wedge cluster randomized trial","volume":"30","author":"Selby","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2026073101114735800_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2024.22718","article-title":"Early, individualized recommendations for hospitalized patients with acute kidney injury: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"332","author":"Aklilu","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ndt\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfag052\/67280661\/gfag052.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ndt\/article-pdf\/41\/8\/1429\/67280661\/gfag052.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ndt\/article-pdf\/41\/8\/1429\/67280661\/gfag052.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T05:11:53Z","timestamp":1785474713000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ndt\/article\/41\/8\/1429\/8512263"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfag052","relation":{},"ISSN":["0931-0509","1460-2385"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0931-0509","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2385","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]}}}