{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T19:08:35Z","timestamp":1792177715650,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004326","name":"Bayer AG","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004326","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Finerenone reduces cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The cardiovascular benefit emerges within months, before measurable kidney protection, but the early pathways carrying it are not comprehensively quantified. We hypothesized that early reductions in urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) jointly mediate a substantial proportion of finerenone\u2019s long-term cardiovascular benefit, whereas changes in body weight and serum potassium do not.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed causal mediation analysis using individual patient data from FIDELITY (pooled FIDELIO-DKD and FIGARO-DKD; n\u00a0=\u00a012,143). Mediators were change from baseline to month 4 in log UACR, SBP, body weight, and serum potassium. The outcome was time from month 4 to first cardiovascular event (cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or heart failure hospitalization). Outcome models used parametric accelerated failure time regression with Weibull distribution. Joint mediation by UACR and SBP was estimated by bootstrapping.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>At month 4, finerenone reduced UACR by 32.2% (95% CI 30.3 to 34.2), SBP by 3.6 mmHg (3.1 to 4.1), and body weight by 0.23 kg (0.13 to 0.32), and increased serum potassium by 0.19 mEq\/l (0.17 to 0.20). Although all four biomarkers changed significantly, only UACR and SBP mediated cardiovascular outcomes: UACR mediated 39% (95% CI 7 to 71) and SBP mediated 21% (3 to 40); body weight and potassium did not. Jointly, UACR and SBP mediated 50% (95% CI 21 to 100) of the cardiovascular benefit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In T2D and CKD, early reductions in UACR and SBP jointly account for half of finerenone\u2019s long-term cardiovascular benefit. Body weight and potassium changes do not mediate the benefit, supporting UACR and SBP as complementary indicators of cardiovascular efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfag150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T11:52:00Z","timestamp":1782388320000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Systolic blood pressure and albuminuria reduction mediate cardiovascular benefits of finerenone in T2 diabetes and CKD"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8355-7100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajiv","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine and Richard L. 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