{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T10:04:59Z","timestamp":1789380299334,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Cancer Institute- Population Science and Cancer Control Program","award":["2P30CA142543-16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2P30CA142543-16"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004917","name":"Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RP210130"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RP210130"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004917","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Kidney cancer (KC) is an obesity-related malignancy with rising incidence. Although metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) reduces the risk of some obesity-related cancers, the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) has increased after MBS; however, their association with KC risk remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate whether initiation of GLP-1 RA, compared with other glucose-lowering agents, is associated with KC among adults with prior MBS and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and overweight\/obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study using TriNetX, applying an active-comparator, new-user target trial emulation framework. Adults (\u226518 years) with T2D, obesity\/overweight, and prior MBS (2006\u20132025) were included, excluding those with prior cancer or type 1 diabetes. GLP-1 RA initiation was compared with metformin, insulin, sodium\u2013glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), or sulfonylureas. Time zero was the first post-MBS prescription after a 365-day washout. Propensity score matching (1:1) balanced baseline characteristics. The outcome was incident KC (International Classification of Diseases-10: C64, C65). Risk differences (RDs) and hazard ratios were estimated over 5 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After matching, 16 768 GLP-1\u2013metformin, 25 025 GLP-1\u2013insulin, 8613 GLP-1\u2013SGLT2i, and 7029 GLP-1\u2013sulfonylurea pairs were included. GLP-1 RA initiation was associated with lower 5-year KC risk versus metformin (RD\u00a0\u22120.18%; 95% confidence interval\u00a0\u22120.27 to\u00a0\u22120.09), insulin (\u22120.22%; \u22120.30 to\u00a0\u22120.15), SGLT2i (\u22120.19%; \u22120.34 to\u00a0\u22120.04), and sulfonylureas (\u22120.20%; \u22120.37 to\u00a0\u22120.03). Results were consistent across sensitivity analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among post-MBS patients, GLP-1 RA initiation was associated with lower KC risk versus other therapies, supporting potential oncologic safety and benefits beyond glycemic control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfag197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:21:37Z","timestamp":1787754097000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["GLP-1 receptor agonists are associated with lower kidney cancer risk after metabolic bariatric surgery"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7637-4127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas Gibran","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Peter O\u2019Donnell Jr School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health , Cuernavaca, Morelos ,","place":["Mexico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omer","family":"Abdelgadir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Peter O\u2019Donnell Jr School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohanad","family":"Albayyaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, John Sealy School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepali K","family":"Ernest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Peter O\u2019Donnell Jr School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9035-9126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacia M","family":"DeSantis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Peter O\u2019Donnell Jr School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur S","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Parkland Health , Dallas ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lindsay G","family":"Cowell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Peter O\u2019Donnell Jr School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaime P","family":"Almandoz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah E","family":"Messiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Peter O\u2019Donnell Jr School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Children\u2019s Health System of Texas , Dallas,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2321-0372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David S","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Peter O\u2019Donnell Jr School of Public Health, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Harold C. 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