{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T15:53:00Z","timestamp":1784735580632,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"suppl_1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitides are complex multi-system disorders with many overlapping clinical features. Their outcome has been transformed by effective immunosuppression, preventing death in over 70% of cases. The quality of survival is affected by the disease course, which is characterized by a significant likelihood of relapse in 38%, chronic effects from the disease and its treatment, as well as emerging or worsening comorbidity, all of which contribute to the patient's clinical condition and outcome. Whilst imaging and laboratory testing including histology are important aspects of diagnosis, they are of limited value in assessing response to therapy or subsequent disease course. We have developed standardized validated clinical methods to quantify disease activity and damage; we are developing effective measures of patient experience to complement these procedures. This approach provides a rational basis for clinical management as well as being essential in the conduct of clinical trials and studies in vasculitis, by providing reproducible definitions of relapse, remission and response to therapy for patients with systemic vasculitis. Clinical assessment remains the current gold standard for evaluating disease progress, but requires regular training to ensure standardization. The development of biomarkers in future may produce a more accurate description of disease and identify potential targets for therapy as well as predictors of response to drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfv002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,6]],"date-time":"2015-02-06T20:32:46Z","timestamp":1423254766000},"page":"i76-i82","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Disease assessment in systemic vasculitis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Raashid Ahmed","family":"Luqmani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Oxford NIHR Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit , , Oxford, Oxfordshire ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102312474545600_GFV002C1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.137778","article-title":"Long-term patient survival in ANCA-associated vasculitis","volume":"70","author":"Flossmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2025102312474545600_GFV002C2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1002\/art.33361","article-title":"Risk factors for relapse of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis","volume":"64","author":"Walsh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2025102312474545600_GFV002C3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.109389","article-title":"Early mortality in systemic vasculitis: relative contribution of adverse events and active vasculitis","volume":"69","author":"Little","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2025102312474545600_GFV002C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20433","article-title":"A model to predict cardiovascular events in patients with newly diagnosed Wegener's granulomatosis and microscopic polyangiitis","volume":"63","author":"Suppiah","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"2025102312474545600_GFV002C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.145250","article-title":"Incidence of malignancy in patients treated for antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitis: follow-up data from European Vasculitis Study Group clinical trials","volume":"70","author":"Heijl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2025102312474545600_GFV002C6","first-page":"S93","article-title":"Discontinuation of therapies in vasculitis","volume":"31","author":"Luqmani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025102312474545600_GFV002C7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.088096","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for the management of primary small and medium vessel vasculitis","volume":"68","author":"Mukhtyar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2025102312474545600_GFV002C8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker280","article-title":"Value of ANCA measurements during remission to predict a relapse of ANCA-associated vasculitis\u2014a meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Tomasson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"2025102312474545600_GFV002C9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2319","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100302","article-title":"Use of highly sensitive C-reactive protein for follow-up of Wegener's granulomatosis","volume":"37","author":"K\u00e4lsch","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"2025102312474545600_GFV002C10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.062711","article-title":"EULAR recommendations for conducting clinical studies and\/or clinical trials in systemic vasculitis: focus on anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitis","volume":"66","author":"Hellmich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2025102312474545600_GFV002C11","first-page":"671","article-title":"Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) in systemic necrotizing vasculitis","volume":"87","author":"Luqmani","year":"1994","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"2025102312474545600_GFV002C12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200104)44:4<912::AID-ANR148>3.0.CO;2-5","article-title":"A disease-specific activity index for Wegener's granulomatosis: modification of the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score. 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