{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:24:55Z","timestamp":1792092295714,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HHSN26120080001E"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HHSN26120080001E"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01-DK-66143"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01-DK-66143"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01-DK-66174"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01-DK-66174"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01DK-082194"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01DK-082194"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01-DK-66116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01-DK-66116"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Charles Woodson Clinical Research Fund and NIDDK"},{"name":"The Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network Consortium"},{"name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) Rare Disease Clinical Research Network"},{"name":"Office of Rare Diseases Research"},{"name":"National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases. RDCRN"},{"name":"Intramural Research Program of the NIH"},{"name":"National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Background: Individuals of African ancestry harboring two variant alleles within apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) are classified with a high-risk (HR) genotype. Adults with an HR genotype have increased risk of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and chronic kidney disease compared with those with a low-risk (LR) genotype (0 or 1 variants). The role of APOL1 risk genotypes in children with glomerular disease is less well known.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods: This study characterized 104 African-American children with a glomerular disease by APOL1 genotype in two cohorts: the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) and Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network (NEPTUNE).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results: Among these subjects, 46% had an HR genotype with a similar age at cohort enrollment. For APOL1 HR children, the median age of disease onset was older (CKiD: 4.5 versus 11.5 years for LR versus HR; NEPTUNE: 11 versus 14 years for LR versus HR, respectively) and preterm birth was more common [CKiD: 27 versus 4%; NEPTUNE: 26 versus 12%; combined odds ratio 4.6 (95% confidence interval: 1.4, 15.5)]. Within studies, HR children had lower initial estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (CKiD: 53 versus 69 mL\/min\/1.73 m2; NEPTUNE: 74 versus 94 mL\/min\/1.73 m2). Longitudinal eGFR decline was faster among HR children versus LR (CKiD: \u221218 versus \u22128% per year; NEPTUNE: \u221213 versus \u22123% per year).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions: Children with an HR genotype in CKiD and NEPTUNE seem to have a more aggressive form of glomerular disease, in part due to a higher prevalence of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. These consistent findings across independent cohorts suggest a common natural history for children with APOL1-associated glomerular disease. Further study is needed to determine the generalizability of these findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfw061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,28]],"date-time":"2016-04-28T12:26:41Z","timestamp":1461846401000},"page":"983-990","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["<i>APOL1<\/i>\n                    -associated glomerular disease among African-American children: a collaboration of the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) and Nephrotic Syndrome Study Network (NEPTUNE) cohorts"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Derek K.","family":"Ng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health 1 , Baltimore, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine C.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan School of Medicine 2 Division of Pediatric Nephrology , , Ann Arbor, MI ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert P.","family":"Woroniecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stony Brook Children's Hospital 3 , Stony Brook, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Limou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Research Laboratory, NCI, Leidos Biomedical Inc., Frederick National Lab 4 , Frederick, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher E.","family":"Gillies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan School of Medicine 2 Division of Pediatric Nephrology , , Ann Arbor, MI ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly J.","family":"Reidy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montefiore Medical Center 5 , Bronx, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryl A.","family":"Winkler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Basic Research Laboratory, NCI, Leidos Biomedical Inc., Frederick National Lab 4 , Frederick, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sangeeta","family":"Hingorani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Washington School of Medicine 6 , Seattle, WA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keisha L.","family":"Gibson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of North Carolina 7 , Chapel Hill, NC ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Hjorten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montefiore Medical Center 5 , Bronx, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine B.","family":"Sethna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cohen's Children's Medical Center 8 , New Hyde Park, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey B.","family":"Kopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIDDK, NIH 9 , Bethesda, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marva","family":"Moxey-Mims","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIDDK, NIH 10 Division of Kidney, Urology, and Hematology , , Bethesda, MD ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan L.","family":"Furth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Hospital of Philadelphia 11 , Philadelphia, PA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley A.","family":"Warady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children's Mercy Hospital 12 , Kansas City, MO ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Kretzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine-Nephrology, University of Michigan School of Medicine 13 , Ann Arbor, MI ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Sedor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Case Western Reserve University 14 , Cleveland, OH ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick J.","family":"Kaskel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Montefiore Medical Center 5 , Bronx, NY ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew G.","family":"Sampson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Michigan School of Medicine 2 Division of Pediatric Nephrology , , Ann Arbor, MI 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HIV-associated nephropathy","volume":"22","author":"Kopp","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2025102312494273000_GFW061C4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfu391","article-title":"APOL1 nephropathy: from gene to mechanisms of kidney injury","volume":"31","author":"Kruzel-Davila","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2025102312494273000_GFW061C5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2014111131","article-title":"Integrative genomics identifies novel associations with APOL1 risk genotype in African American NEPTUNE subjects","volume":"27","author":"Sampson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2025102312494273000_GFW061C6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013111242","article-title":"Clinical features and histology of apolipoprotein L1-associated nephropathy in the FSGS clinical 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