{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:05:27Z","timestamp":1791475527591,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,24]],"date-time":"2017-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1503532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/about_us\/legal\/notices"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005623","name":"University of Tokushima","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005623","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003837","name":"Ichiro Kanehara Foundation for the Promotion of Medical Sciences and Medical Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]]},"DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfx252","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,8]],"date-time":"2017-07-08T19:07:39Z","timestamp":1499540859000},"page":"586-597","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["The uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate interferes with iron metabolism by regulating hepcidin in chronic kidney disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Hirofumi","family":"Hamano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4318-7349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasumasa","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuya","family":"Horinouchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Izawa-Ishizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Imanishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshito","family":"Zamami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenshi","family":"Takechi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Trial Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Licht","family":"Miyamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Ishizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Tokushima University Hospital, Tokushima, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichiro","family":"Tsuchiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiaki","family":"Tamaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.05980809","article-title":"The state of chronic kidney disease, ESRD, and morbidity and mortality in the first year of dialysis","volume":"4(Suppl 1)","author":"Collins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041031","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization","volume":"351","author":"Go","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7806","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M008922200","article-title":"Hepcidin, a urinary antimicrobial peptide synthesized in the liver","volume":"276","author":"Park","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1104742","article-title":"Hepcidin regulates cellular iron efflux by binding to ferroportin and inducing its internalization","volume":"306","author":"Nemeth","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.05931108","article-title":"Hepcidin\u2014a potential novel biomarker for iron status in chronic kidney disease","volume":"4","author":"Zaritsky","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfm900","article-title":"Alteration of mRNA expression of molecules related to iron metabolism in adenine-induced renal failure rats: a possible mechanism of iron deficiency in chronic kidney disease patients on treatment","volume":"23","author":"Hamada","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfs584","article-title":"A hepcidin lowering agent mobilizes iron for incorporation into red blood cells in an adenine-induced kidney disease model of anemia in rats","volume":"28","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2264","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/34.11.2264","article-title":"Accumulation of indoxyl sulfate, an inhibitor of drug-binding, in uremic serum as demonstrated by internal-surface reversed-phase liquid chromatography","volume":"34","author":"Niwa","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq580","article-title":"p-Cresyl sulphate and indoxyl sulphate predict progression of chronic kidney disease","volume":"26","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.03980609","article-title":"Serum indoxyl sulfate is associated with vascular disease and mortality in chronic kidney disease patients","volume":"4","author":"Barreto","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013101062","article-title":"The uremic toxicity of indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate: a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Vanholder","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfv103","article-title":"AST-120 ameliorates lowered exercise capacity and mitochondrial biogenesis in the skeletal muscle from mice with chronic kidney disease via reducing oxidative stress","volume":"30","author":"Nishikawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq759","article-title":"Oral activated charcoal adsorbent (AST-120) ameliorates extent and instability of atherosclerosis accelerated by kidney disease in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice","volume":"26","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.09.019","article-title":"Deleterious vascular effects of indoxyl sulfate and reversal by oral adsorbent AST-120","volume":"243","author":"Six","year":"2015","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164125","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/164125","article-title":"Effect of AST-120 on endothelial dysfunction in adenine-induced uremic rats","volume":"2014","author":"Inami","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Nephrol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.05340610","article-title":"Indoxyl sulfate-induced endothelial dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney disease via an induction of oxidative stress","volume":"6","author":"Yu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2013.07.037","article-title":"Accumulated uremic toxins attenuate bone mechanical properties in rats with chronic kidney disease","volume":"57","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B18","first-page":"133","article-title":"Possible involvement of nuclear factor-\u03baB inhibition in the renal protective effect of oral adsorbent AST-120 in a rat model of chronic renal failure","volume":"13","author":"Komiya","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0112023","article-title":"Reduction of indoxyl sulfate by AST-120 attenuates monocyte inflammation related to chronic kidney disease","volume":"93","author":"Ito","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2011.114","article-title":"Indoxyl sulfate, a representative uremic toxin, suppresses erythropoietin production in a HIF-dependent manner","volume":"91","author":"Chiang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfu061","article-title":"Oral adsorbent AST-120 potentiates the effect of erythropoietin-stimulating agents on stage 5 chronic kidney disease patients: a randomized crossover study","volume":"29","author":"Wu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.080511","article-title":"Urinary L-type fatty acid-binding protein can reflect renal tubulointerstitial injury","volume":"174","author":"Tanaka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B23","first-page":"28","article-title":"Development of a new model for the induction of chronic kidney disease via intraperitoneal adenine administration, and the effect of treatment with gum acacia thereon","volume":"7","author":"Al Za\u2019abi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-014-0749-1","article-title":"Angiotensin II alters the expression of duodenal iron transporters, hepatic hepcidin, and body iron distribution in mice","volume":"54","author":"Tajima","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2016.01.011","article-title":"Iron-induced skeletal muscle atrophy involves an Akt-forkhead box O3-E3 ubiquitin ligase-dependent pathway","volume":"35","author":"Ikeda","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Trace Elem Med Biol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e40465","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040465","article-title":"Estrogen regulates hepcidin expression via GPR30-BMP6-dependent signaling in hepatocytes","volume":"7","author":"Ikeda","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-10-4043","article-title":"Detection of serum hepcidin in renal failure and inflammation by using ProteinChip System","volume":"108","author":"Tomosugi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1021\/bi901786x","article-title":"The uremic toxin 3-indoxyl sulfate is a potent endogenous agonist for the human aryl hydrocarbon receptor","volume":"49","author":"Schroeder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2216","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-10-0117","article-title":"Indoxyl sulfate stimulates monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells by inducing oxidative stress through activation of the NADPH oxidase-nuclear factor-\u03baB pathway","volume":"74","author":"Masai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2012.11.012","article-title":"Indoxyl sulfate upregulates renal expression of ICAM-1 via production of ROS and activation of NF-\u03baB and p53 in proximal tubular cells","volume":"92","author":"Shimizu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1159\/000299798","article-title":"Indoxyl sulfate upregulates expression of ICAM-1 and MCP-1 by oxidative stress-induced NF-\u03baB activation","volume":"31","author":"Tumur","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200420945","article-title":"IL-6 mediates hypoferremia of inflammation by inducing the synthesis of the iron regulatory hormone hepcidin","volume":"113","author":"Nemeth","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C142","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00172.2015","article-title":"Activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediates suppression of hypoxia-inducible factor-dependent erythropoietin expression by indoxyl sulfate","volume":"310","author":"Asai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C1201","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00471.2010","article-title":"NF-\u03baB plays an important role in indoxyl sulfate-induced cellular senescence, fibrotic gene expression, and inhibition of proliferation in proximal tubular cells","volume":"301","author":"Shimizu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22974","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M602098200","article-title":"Alcohol metabolism-mediated oxidative stress down-regulates hepcidin transcription and leads to increased duodenal iron transporter expression","volume":"281","author":"Harrison-Findik","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22486","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus-induced oxidative stress suppresses hepcidin expression through increased histone deacetylase activity","volume":"48","author":"Miura","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37472","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.358911","article-title":"Sustained submicromolar H2O2 levels induce hepcidin via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)","volume":"287","author":"Millonig","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425911405087","article-title":"Nuclear factor-\u03baB mediated lipopolysaccharide-induced mRNA expression of hepcidin in human peripheral blood leukocytes","volume":"18","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Innate Immun"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0147474","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147474","article-title":"Ceramide induces human hepcidin gene transcription through JAK\/STAT3 pathway","volume":"11","author":"Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011121175","article-title":"Normal and pathologic concentrations of uremic toxins","volume":"23","author":"Duranton","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2009.020123","article-title":"Heme controls ferroportin1 (FPN1) transcription involving Bach1, Nrf2 and a MARE\/ARE sequence motif at position -7007 of the FPN1 promoter","volume":"95","author":"Marro","year":"2010","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19906","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M000713200","article-title":"A novel mammalian iron-regulated protein involved in intracellular iron metabolism","volume":"275","author":"Abboud","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio807","article-title":"The role of iron regulatory proteins in mammalian iron homeostasis and disease","volume":"2","author":"Rouault","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2006-1331","article-title":"The iron regulatory peptide hepcidin is expressed in the heart and regulated by hypoxia and inflammation","volume":"148","author":"Merle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.1.05729","article-title":"The iron-regulatory peptide hormone hepcidin: expression and cellular localization in the mammalian kidney","volume":"184","author":"Kulaksiz","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e89003","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089003","article-title":"Glial cell ceruloplasmin and hepcidin differentially regulate iron efflux from brain microvascular endothelial cells","volume":"9","author":"McCarthy","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3727","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-06-2259","article-title":"TLR4-dependent hepcidin expression by myeloid cells in response to bacterial pathogens","volume":"107","author":"Peyssonnaux","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F877","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00089.2016","article-title":"Lack of hepcidin ameliorates anemia and improves growth in an adenine-induced mouse model of chronic kidney disease","volume":"311","author":"Akchurin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1159\/000014403","article-title":"Impaired biological activity of erythropoietin by cyanate carbamylation","volume":"18","author":"Mun","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood Purif"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1080\/00365590310006291","article-title":"Inhibition of erythropoietin activity by cyanate","volume":"38","author":"Park","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scand J Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2014010042","article-title":"Randomized placebo-controlled EPPIC trials of AST-120 in CKD","volume":"26","author":"Schulman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"key\n\t\t\t\t20180402200353_gfx252-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-016-0357-9","article-title":"The effects of AST-120 on chronic kidney disease progression in the United States of America: a post hoc subgroup analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"17","author":"Schulman","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"}],"container-title":["Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ndt\/article-pdf\/33\/4\/586\/24525005\/gfx252.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,11]],"date-time":"2020-10-11T21:17:53Z","timestamp":1602451073000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ndt\/article\/33\/4\/586\/4093228"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfx252","relation":{},"ISSN":["0931-0509","1460-2385"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0931-0509","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2385","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]]}}}