{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T10:00:24Z","timestamp":1775296824047,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]],"date-time":"2019-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1549929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100003065","name":"Kidney Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["16OKG02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16OKG02"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100003065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Netherlands Heart Foundation","award":["2013T120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013T120"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) experience substantial survival benefit compared with dialysis patients. However, their mortality and graft failure risk remain high. KTRs are often low in micronutrient status, including vitamins D and K. We investigated the association of both vitamins D and K status, and vitamin D treatment with all-cause mortality and death-censored graft failure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We studied 461 KTRs from a single-centre study at median 6.1\u2009years after transplantation. At baseline, vitamins D and K concentrations were measured by 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and dephosphorylated uncarboxylated matrix gla protein (dp-ucMGP) and patients were categorized into: 25(OH)D &amp;lt;50\/\u226550\u2009nmol\/L and median dp-ucMGP &amp;lt;1057\/\u22651057\u2009pmol\/L.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mean age was 52\u2009\u00b1\u200912\u2009years, and 122 KTRs (26%) had low vitamins D and K status. During median 9.8\u2009years follow-up, 128 patients (28%) died and 48 (10%) developed death-censored graft failure. Low vitamins D and K status was associated with 2.33 (1.26\u20134.30) [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval)] increased mortality risk and 3.25 (1.17\u20139.08) increased graft failure risk compared with KTR with 25(OH)D \u226550\u2009nmol\/L and dp-ucMGP &amp;lt;1057\u2009pmol\/L. Dp-ucMGP was strongly associated with mortality (per 500\u2009pmol\/L increase): 1.41 (1.08\u20131.41) for vitamin D treatment versus no treatment 1.07 (0.97\u20131.18), and graft failure 1.71 (1.17\u20132.49) for vitamin D treatment versus 1.19 (1.05\u20131.36) no treatment, P-interaction &amp;lt;0.07 for vitamin D treatment (n\u2009=\u200944).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Combined vitamins D and K deficiency are highly prevalent and are associated with increased mortality and graft failure risk compared with high vitamins D and K status. Low vitamin K status was strongly associated with an increased risk of premature mortality and graft failure for patients treated with vitamin D versus no vitamin D treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfy399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,5]],"date-time":"2018-12-05T15:12:15Z","timestamp":1544022735000},"page":"706-714","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Joint association of vitamins D and K status with long-term outcomes in stable kidney transplant recipients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Adriana J","family":"van Ballegooijen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joline W J","family":"Beulens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlotte A","family":"Keyzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gerjan J","family":"Navis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan P","family":"Berger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin H","family":"de Borst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4607-9415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc G","family":"Vervloet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Amsterdam Cardiovascular Science, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephan J L","family":"Bakker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020040803554560100_gfy399-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1159\/000475999","article-title":"Long-term progression of coronary artery calcification is independent of classical risk factors, C-reactive protein, and parathyroid hormone in renal transplant patients","volume":"7","author":"Gulcicek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiorenal Med"},{"key":"2020040803554560100_gfy399-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3773","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq268","article-title":"Coronary artery calcification: a strong predictor of cardiovascular events in renal transplant recipients","volume":"25","author":"Nguyen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2020040803554560100_gfy399-B3","first-page":"54","article-title":"Chronic graft loss. 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Mutually exclusive expression of vitamin K-dependent bone proteins by clonal osteoblastic cell lines","volume":"263","author":"Fraser","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2020040803554560100_gfy399-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.108.093724","article-title":"9-Cis retinoic acid reduces 1alpha, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol-induced renal calcification by altering vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxylation of matrix gamma-carboxyglutamic acid protein in A\/J male mice","volume":"138","author":"Fu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"2020040803554560100_gfy399-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980170068","article-title":"1, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 promotes vitamin K2 metabolism in human osteoblasts","volume":"12","author":"Miyake","year":"2001","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"2020040803554560100_gfy399-B29","first-page":"36","article-title":"Effect of vitamin K2 on experimental calcinosis induced by vitamin D2 in rat soft tissue","volume":"66","author":"Seyama","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Vitam Nutr Res"},{"key":"2020040803554560100_gfy399-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2010040339","article-title":"Circulating nonphosphorylated carboxylated matrix gla protein predicts survival in ESRD","volume":"22","author":"Schlieper","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"}],"container-title":["Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ndt\/article-pdf\/35\/4\/706\/33016681\/gfy399.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ndt\/article-pdf\/35\/4\/706\/33016681\/gfy399.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T09:25:08Z","timestamp":1775294708000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ndt\/article\/35\/4\/706\/5316040"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfy399","relation":{},"ISSN":["0931-0509","1460-2385"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0931-0509","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2385","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]]}}}