{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T22:44:49Z","timestamp":1781649889397,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,12]],"date-time":"2020-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K24-DK091419"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K24-DK091419"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2015R1A2A1A15053374"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2015R1A2A1A15053374"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2017R1A2B2005849"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2017R1A2B2005849"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eosinophils are traditionally known as moderators of allergic reactions; however, they have now emerged as one of the principal immune-regulating cells as well as predictors of vascular disease and mortality in the general population. Although eosinophilia has been demonstrated in hemodialysis (HD) patients, associations of eosinophil count (EOC) and its changes with mortality in HD patients are still unknown.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 107\u2009506 incident HD patients treated by a large dialysis organization during 2007\u201311, we examined the relationships of baseline and time-varying EOC and its changes (\u0394EOC) over the first 3\u2009months with all-cause mortality using Cox proportional hazards models with three levels of hierarchical adjustment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Baseline median EOC was 231 (interquartile range 155\u2013339)\u2009cells\/\u03bcL and eosinophilia (&amp;gt;350\u2009cells\/\u03bcL) was observed in 23.4% of patients. There was a gradual increase in EOC over time after HD initiation with a median \u0394EOC of 5.1 (IQR \u221253\u2013199)\u2009cells\/\u03bcL, which did not parallel the changes in white blood cell count. In fully adjusted models, mortality risk was highest in subjects with lower baseline and time-varying EOC (&amp;lt;100 cells\/\u03bcL) and was also slightly higher in patients with higher levels (\u2265550 cells\/\u03bcL), resulting in a reverse J-shaped relationship. The relationship of \u0394EOC with all-cause mortality risk was also a reverse J-shape where both an increase and decrease exhibited a higher mortality risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both lower and higher EOCs and changes in EOC over the first 3\u2009months after HD initiation were associated with higher all-cause mortality in incident HD patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfz296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,18]],"date-time":"2019-12-18T12:09:51Z","timestamp":1576670991000},"page":"1032-1042","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Eosinophil count and mortality risk in incident hemodialysis patients"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Duk-Hee","family":"Kang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, 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Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA"},{"name":"Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, NHIS Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jui-Ting","family":"Hsiung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Connie M","family":"Rhee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Csaba P","family":"Kovesdy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Section, Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, TN, USA"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8666-0725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamyar","family":"Kalantar-Zadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA"},{"name":"Nephrology Section, Tibor Rubin VA Medical Center, Long Beach, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elani","family":"Streja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Harold Simmons Center for Kidney Disease Research and 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