{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T21:15:03Z","timestamp":1793481303709,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,13]],"date-time":"2021-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Donna and Kenneth R. Peak Foundation"},{"name":"Kenneth R. Peak Brain and Pituitary Tumor Treatment Center at Houston Methodist Hospital"},{"name":"Houston Methodist Foundation"},{"name":"Taub Foundation"},{"name":"Pauline Sterne Wolff Foundation"},{"name":"Veralan Foundation"},{"name":"Marilee A. and Gary M. Schwarz Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006988","name":"John S. Dunn Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006988","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Will McKone"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002428","name":"Austrian Science Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002428","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We postulate that meningiomas undergo distinct metabolic reprogramming in tumorigenesis and unraveling their metabolic phenotypes provide new therapeutic insights. Glutamine catabolism is key to the growth and proliferation of tumors. Here, we investigated the metabolomics of freshly resected meningiomas and glutamine metabolism in patient-derived meningioma cells.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>1H NMR spectroscopy of tumor tissues from meningioma patients was used to differentiate the metabolite profiles of grade-I and grade-II meningiomas. Glutamine metabolism was examined using 13C\/15N glutamine tracer, in 5 patient-derived meningioma cells.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Alanine, lactate, glutamate, glutamine, and glycine were predominantly elevated only in grade-II meningiomas by 74%, 76%, 35%, 75%, and 33%, respectively, with alanine and glutamine levels being statistically significant (P \u2264 .02). 13C\/15N glutamine tracer experiments revealed that both grade-I and -II meningiomas actively metabolize glutamine to generate various key carbon intermediates including alanine and proline that are necessary for the tumor growth. Also, it is shown that glutaminase (GLS1) inhibitor, CB-839 is highly effective in downregulating glutamine metabolism and decreasing proliferation in meningioma cells.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Alanine and glutamine\/glutamate are mainly elevated in grade-II meningiomas. Grade-I meningiomas possess relatively higher glutamine metabolism providing carbon\/nitrogen for the biosynthesis of key nonessential amino acids. GLS1 inhibitor (CB-839) is very effective in downregulating glutamine metabolic pathways in grade-I meningiomas leading to decreased cellular proliferation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,10]],"date-time":"2021-09-10T03:13:51Z","timestamp":1631243631000},"page":"556-568","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Glutamine anaplerosis is required for amino acid biosynthesis in human meningiomas"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Omkar B","family":"Ijare","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenneth R. Peak Brain and Pituitary Tumor Treatment Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shashank","family":"Hambarde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenneth R. Peak Brain and Pituitary Tumor Treatment Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio Henrique","family":"Brasil da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenneth R. Peak Brain and Pituitary Tumor Treatment Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenneth R. Peak Brain and Pituitary Tumor Treatment Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martyn A","family":"Sharpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenneth R. Peak Brain and Pituitary Tumor Treatment Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santosh A","family":"Helekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenneth R. Peak Brain and Pituitary Tumor Treatment Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilbert","family":"Hangel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High-Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Bogner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"High-Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Widhalm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert M","family":"Bachoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David S","family":"Baskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenneth R. Peak Brain and Pituitary Tumor Treatment Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital and Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kumar","family":"Pichumani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kenneth R. 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