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Patients have very limited effective treatment options. The successes of targeted small molecule drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors seen in various solid tumors have not translated to GBM, despite significant advances in our understanding of its molecular, immune, and microenvironment landscapes. These discoveries, however, have unveiled GBM\u2019s incredible heterogeneity and its role in treatment failure and survival. Novel cellular therapy technologies are finding successes in oncology and harbor characteristics that make them uniquely suited to overcome challenges posed by GBM, such as increased resistance to tumor heterogeneity, modularity, localized delivery, and safety. Considering these advantages, we compiled this review article on cellular therapies for GBM, focusing on cellular immunotherapies and stem cell-based therapies, to evaluate their utility. We categorize them based on their specificity, review their preclinical and clinical data, and extract valuable insights to help guide future cellular therapy development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noad092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,14]],"date-time":"2023-05-14T07:34:17Z","timestamp":1684049657000},"page":"1551-1562","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Cell-based therapies for glioblastoma: Promising tools against tumor heterogeneity"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Dean","family":"Nehama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center , New York, New York , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex S","family":"Woodell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina , USA"},{"name":"Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, North Carolina , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Spencer M","family":"Maingi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina , USA"},{"name":"Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, North Carolina , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shawn D","family":"Hingtgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina , USA"},{"name":"Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine , Chapel Hill, 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