{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T17:57:20Z","timestamp":1791050240778,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,2]],"date-time":"2023-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In the 5th edition of the WHO CNS tumor classification (CNS5, 2021), multiple molecular characteristics became essential diagnostic criteria for many additional CNS tumor types. For those tumors, an integrated, \u201chistomolecular\u201d diagnosis is required. A variety of approaches exists for determining the status of the underlying molecular markers. The present guideline focuses on the methods that can be used for assessment of the currently most informative diagnostic and prognostic molecular markers for the diagnosis of gliomas, glioneuronal and neuronal tumors. The main characteristics of the molecular methods are systematically discussed, followed by recommendations and information on available evidence levels for diagnostic measures. The recommendations cover DNA and RNA next-generation-sequencing, methylome profiling, and select assays for single\/limited target analyses, including immunohistochemistry. Additionally, because of its importance as a predictive marker in IDH-wildtype glioblastomas, tools for the analysis of MGMT promoter methylation status are covered. A structured overview of the different assays with their characteristics, especially their advantages and limitations, is provided, and requirements for input material and reporting of results are clarified. General aspects of molecular diagnostic testing regarding clinical relevance, accessibility, cost, implementation, regulatory, and ethical aspects are discussed as well. Finally, we provide an outlook on new developments in the landscape of molecular testing technologies in neuro-oncology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noad100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T11:26:00Z","timestamp":1685532360000},"page":"1731-1749","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Molecular diagnostic tools for the World Health Organization (WHO) 2021 classification of gliomas, glioneuronal and neuronal tumors; an EANO guideline"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5441-1962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Sahm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany"},{"name":"CCU Neuropathology, German Concortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9821-0342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Brandner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Division of Neuropathology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9887-7668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Bertero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin , Turin , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1945-497X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Capper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, Charit\u00e9, Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin , Berlin , Germany"},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0668-9529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pim J","family":"French","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Brain Tumor Center at Erasmus MC Cancer Center , 3015 GD Rotterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3604-887X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominique","family":"Figarella-Branger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille University, APHM, CNRS, INP, Institute Neurophysiopathol, CHU Timone, Service d\u2019Anatomie Pathologique et de Neuropathologie , Marseille , 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Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6352-0826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bjarne W","family":"Kristensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine and Biotech Research and Innovation Center (BRIC), University of Copenhagen , Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, The Bartholin Institute, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8161-1302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathreena M","family":"Kurian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Tumour Research Centre, University of Bristol , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3541-2315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Preusser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna , Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1699-8210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bastiaan B J","family":"Tops","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess M\u00e1xima Center for Pediatric Oncology , Utrecht , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5710-5127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"van den Bent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Brain Tumor Center at Erasmus MC Cancer Institute , Rotterdam , The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6171-634X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Wick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Neurooncology Program, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg 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