{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T21:39:25Z","timestamp":1788471565234,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":170,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,23]],"date-time":"2024-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Meningiomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors of adults. For meningiomas that progress or recur despite surgical resection and radiotherapy, additional treatment options are limited due to a lack of proven efficacy. Meningiomas show recurring molecular aberrations, which may serve as predictive markers for systemic pharmacotherapies with targeted drugs or immunotherapy, radiotherapy, or radioligand therapy. Here, we review the evidence for a predictive role of a wide range of molecular alterations and markers including NF2, AKT1, SMO, SMARCE1, PIK3CA, CDKN2A\/B, CDK4\/6, TERT, TRAF7, BAP1, KLF4, \u00a0ARID1\/2, SUFU, PD-L1, SSTR2A, PR\/ER, mTOR, VEGF(R), PDGFR, as well as homologous recombination deficiency, genomic copy number variations, DNA methylation classes, and combined gene expression profiles. In our assessment based on the established ESMO ESCAT (European Society for Medical Oncology Scale for Clinical Actionability of molecular Targets) evidence-level criteria, no molecular target reached ESCAT I (\u201cready for clinical use\u201d) classification, and only mTOR pathway activation and NF2 alterations reached ESCAT II (\u201cinvestigational\u201d) classification, respectively. Our evaluations may guide targeted therapy selection in clinical practice and clinical trial efforts and highlight areas for which additional research is warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noae253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T15:21:51Z","timestamp":1732116111000},"page":"869-883","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["European Association of Neuro-Oncology guideline on molecular testing of meningiomas for targeted therapy selection"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5441-1962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Sahm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg Gemany and CCU Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) , Heidelberg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9887-7668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Bertero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin , Turin ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9821-0342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Brandner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Division of Neuropathology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1945-497X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Capper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin , Berlin ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Goldbrunner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Cologne , Cologne ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael D","family":"Jenkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Liverpool and Walton Centre , Liverpool ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Kalamarides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Pitie-Salpetriere Hospital, AP-HP Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrin","family":"Lamszus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf , Hamburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0953-7624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalie L","family":"Albert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU Hospital, LMU Munich , Munich ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximilian J","family":"Mair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna ,","place":["Austria"]},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU Hospital, LMU Munich , Munich ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna S","family":"Berghoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Mawrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Magdeburg , Magdeburg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-Georg","family":"Wirsching","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Brain Tumor Center & Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich , Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sybren L N","family":"Maas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam , Rotterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden ,","place":["Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R","family":"Raleigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiation Oncology, Neurological Surgery, and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco, California ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Reifenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University and University Hospital D\u00fcsseldorf, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Essen\/D\u00fcsseldorf , D\u00fcsseldorf ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4649-2587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonille","family":"Schweizer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI) , Frankfurt am Main ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt\/Mainz, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg ,","place":["Germany"]},{"name":"Institute of Neurology (Edinger Institute), University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University , Frankfurt am Main ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail K","family":"Suwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg Gemany and CCU Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) , Heidelberg ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3542-8782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghazaleh","family":"Tabatabai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology & Interdisciplinary Neuro-Oncology, University Hospital T\u00fcbingen, Center for Neuro-Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center T\u00fcbingen-Stuttgart, DKTK partner site T\u00fcbingen, University of T\u00fcbingen ,","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4031-2178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emeline","family":"Tabouret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aix-Marseille Universite, APHM, CNRS, INP, Institut Neurophysiopathol, GlioME Team, Plateforme PETRA, CHU Timone, Service de Neurooncologie , Marseille ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Short","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James\u2019s Hospital , Leeds ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick Y","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center For Neuro-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston, Massachusetts ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1748-174X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Weller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Brain Tumor Center & Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich , Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9408-3278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilie","family":"Le Rhun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Brain Tumor Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich , Zurich ,","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pieter","family":"Wesseling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Princess M\u00e1xima Center for Pediatric Oncology , Utrecht ,","place":["The Netherlands"]},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers\/VUmc , Amsterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"van den Bent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Brain Tumor Center at Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC , Rotterdam ,","place":["The Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3541-2315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Preusser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna ,","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025052712355359000_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iv1","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noad149","article-title":"CBTRUS statistical report: Primary brain and other central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2016-2020","volume":"25","author":"Ostrom","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2025052712355359000_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noab106","article-title":"The 2021 WHO classification of tumors 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