{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T20:33:36Z","timestamp":1790022816574,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R35NS097211"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R35NS097211"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Vision Restoration Initiative"},{"name":"Schnuck Markets"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The intestinal microbiota regulates normal brain physiology and the pathogenesis of several neurological disorders. While prior studies suggested that this operates through immune cells, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Leveraging 2 well-characterized murine models of low-grade glioma occurring in the setting of the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) cancer predisposition syndrome, we sought to determine the impact of the gut microbiome on optic glioma progression.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Neurofibromatosis type 1 (Nf1)-mutant mice genetically engineered to develop optic pathway gliomas (Nf1OPG mice) by 3 months of age were reared under germ-free (GF) conditions, treated with specific cocktails of antibiotics, or given fecal matter transplants (FMTs). Intestinal microbial species were identified by 16S genotyping. Neutralizing transforming growth factor-beta (TGF\u03b2) antibodies were delivered systemically, while in vitro experiments used isolated murine microglia and T cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis was performed using established methods.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Nf1 OPG mice raised in a GF environment or postnatally treated with vancomycin did not harbor optic gliomas or exhibit OPG-induced retinal nerve fiber layer thinning, which was reversed following conventionally raised mouse FMT or colonization with Bacteroides species. Moreover, this intestinal microbiota-regulated gliomagenesis was mediated by circulating TGF\u03b2, such that systemic TGF\u03b2 neutralization reduced Nf1-OPG growth. TGF\u03b2 was shown to act on tumor-associated monocytes to induce Ccl3 expression and recruit CD8+ T cells necessary for glioma growth.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Taken together, these findings establish, for the first time, a mechanistic relationship between Bacteroides in the intestinal microbiome and NF1-LGG pathobiology, suggesting both future predictive risk assessment strategies and therapeutic opportunities.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noaf024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T06:48:22Z","timestamp":1737960502000},"page":"1579-1593","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Intestinal <i>Bacteroides<\/i> drives glioma progression by regulating CD8+ T cell tumor 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,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuanwei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Talia","family":"Eligator","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Ouyang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie L","family":"Bozeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Rodgers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somya","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, Missouri ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle E","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of 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