{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T17:22:07Z","timestamp":1792430527336,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031022","name":"Center for Cancer Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZIA BC 011877"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZIA BC 011877"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031022","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100031022","name":"Center for Cancer Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1ZIABC011708-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1ZIABC011708-05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100031022","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop effective therapies for glioblastoma (GBM), a deeper understanding of its underlying immunoregulatory mechanisms is needed. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are unconventional T cells that recognize lipid antigens and are known to regulate tumor immunity in other cancer types. Given the lipid-rich nature of the brain and the unique metabolic activity of GBM cells, we hypothesized that GBM-enriched lipids could direct iNKT cells to contribute to the immunosuppressive nature of the disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lipid levels of multiple human GBM stem-like cell (GSC) lines, low grade-glioma lines, and normal human astrocytes were determined using liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry. GBM stem-like cell-enriched lipids were tested in iNKT stimulation assays, with either human iNKT cell lines or PBMC samples from both healthy donors and GBM patients, to determine antigenicity and characterize the nature of iNKT activation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multiple lipid species were found to be uniquely enriched in GSCs. Many of these lipids, called sulfatides, were recognized by and activated iNKT cells in a dose-dependent manner when presented by CD1d. Pharmaceutical and genetic targeting of the sulfatide synthetic pathway within GSCs resulted in an altered ability to activate iNKT cells. However, one lipid, lyso-sulfatide, inhibited the activation of iNKT cells and suppressed activation induced by a cognate antigen, \u03b1-galactosylceramide.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The modulation of iNKT cell functions by GSC-enriched glycosphingolipids may contribute to the immunosuppression of GBM and highlights sulfatide production as a potential therapeutic target for GBM treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noaf135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T07:24:13Z","timestamp":1748244253000},"page":"2592-2604","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Glioblastoma-enriched glycosphingolipids modulate the function of human iNKT cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Morgan J","family":"Coombs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyrone","family":"Dowdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md Masud","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helena Muley","family":"Vilam\u00fa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seketoulie","family":"Keretsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guzal","family":"Khayrullina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0500-1032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orieta","family":"Celiku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander Y","family":"Mitrophanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health , Frederick, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vibhuti","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinkyu","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayaka","family":"Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily E","family":"Steffke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laila","family":"Latifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo","family":"Spurgeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nargis","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John C","family":"Hancock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byram H","family":"Ozer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark R","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Gumperz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7016-9587","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mioara","family":"Larion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1777-0189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaki","family":"Terabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuro-Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12 Suppl 2","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iv1","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noad149","article-title":"CBTRUS statistical report: primary brain and other central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2016-2020","volume":"25","author":"Ostrom","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol."},{"issue":"19","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1510665","article-title":"Nivolumab versus everolimus in advanced renal-cell carcinoma","volume":"373","author":"Motzer","year":"2015","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1003466","article-title":"Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma","volume":"363","author":"Hodi","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3328","article-title":"Recognition of CD1d-restricted antigens by natural killer T cells","volume":"12","author":"Rossjohn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol."},{"key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-230X(08)00408-9","article-title":"The role of NKT cells in tumor immunity","volume":"101","author":"Terabe","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv Cancer Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00232","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00232-20","article-title":"Type I natural killer T cells as key regulators of the immune response to infectious diseases","volume":"34","author":"Galvez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev."},{"key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10570","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10570","article-title":"Atypical natural killer T-cell receptor recognition of CD1d-lipid antigens","volume":"7","author":"Le Nours","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.191.4.661","article-title":"Differential tumor surveillance by natural killer (NK) and NKT cells","volume":"191","author":"Smyth","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20020092","article-title":"A critical role for natural killer T cells in immunosurveillance of methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas","volume":"196","author":"Crowe","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"issue":"20","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7322","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-05-0877","article-title":"Increased intratumor Valpha24-positive natural killer T cells: a prognostic factor for primary colorectal carcinomas","volume":"11","author":"Tachibana","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20031462","article-title":"Natural killer T cells infiltrate neuroblastomas expressing the chemokine CCL2","volume":"199","author":"Metelitsa","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Exp Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e42635","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0042635","article-title":"iNKT cells suppress the CD8+ T cell response to a murine Burkitt\u2019s-like B cell lymphoma","volume":"7","author":"Bjordahl","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00352","article-title":"Promotion or suppression of murine intestinal polyp development by iNKT cell directed immunotherapy","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10071641","article-title":"The role of NKT cells in glioblastoma","volume":"10","author":"Brettschneider","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-019-0965-z","article-title":"Role of cholesterol and sphingolipids in brain development and neurological diseases","volume":"18","author":"Hussain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601976","article-title":"Autoreactivity to sulfatide by human invariant NKT cells","volume":"199","author":"Stax","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408696102","article-title":"Bacterial glycolipids and analogs as antigens for CD1d-restricted NKT cells","volume":"102","author":"Wu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-021-01205-7","article-title":"Altered lipid metabolism marks glioblastoma stem and non-stem cells in separate tumor niches","volume":"9","author":"Shakya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0019","first-page":"1255","article-title":"Enhancement of malignant properties of human glioma cells by ganglioside GD3\/GD2","volume":"52","author":"Iwasawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20752-6","article-title":"IDH1 mutations induce organelle defects via dysregulated phospholipids","volume":"12","author":"Lita","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"issue":"16","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9255","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23169255","article-title":"Targeting the sphingolipid rheostat in gliomas","volume":"23","author":"Zaibaq","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15662","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules181215662","article-title":"Stimulation of natural killer T cells by glycolipids","volume":"18","author":"Anderson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"issue":"3","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2021.101064","article-title":"Deletion of fatty acid amide hydrolase reduces lyso-sulfatide levels but exacerbates metachromatic leukodystrophy in mice","volume":"297","author":"Yaghootfam","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"issue":"7","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.3109\/14653240903219114","article-title":"Impact of culture medium on the expansion of T cells for immunotherapy","volume":"11","author":"Sato","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cytotherapy."},{"issue":"9","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12652","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012652","article-title":"Skewed distribution of circulating activated natural killer T (NKT) cells in patients with common variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVID)","volume":"5","author":"Carvalho","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-015-1747-2","article-title":"The role of 3-O-sulfogalactosylceramide, sulfatide, in the lateral organization of myelin membrane","volume":"41","author":"Grassi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurochem Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.193","article-title":"Sulfatide levels correlate with severity of neuropathy in metachromatic leukodystrophy","volume":"2","author":"Dali","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-198011000-00015","article-title":"Theophylline reduces the activity of cerebroside-sulfotransferase, a key enzyme in myelination, in cell cultures from newborn mouse brain","volume":"14","author":"Siegrist","year":"1980","journal-title":"Pediatr Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1990.tb04942.x","article-title":"Lysosulfatide (sulfogalactosylsphingosine) accumulation in tissues from patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy","volume":"55","author":"Toda","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Neurochem."},{"issue":"6731","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabm5214","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abm5214","article-title":"Distinct myeloid-derived suppressor cell populations in human glioblastoma","volume":"387","author":"Jackson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01838","article-title":"Tissue-specific roles of NKT cells in tumor immunity","volume":"9","author":"Terabe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"issue":"6","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.20050","article-title":"Invariant natural killer T cells are preserved in patients with glioma and exhibit antitumor lytic activity following dendritic cell-mediated expansion","volume":"109","author":"Dhodapkar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Cancer."},{"issue":"5","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-020-02742-1","article-title":"CD1d expression in glioblastoma is a promising target for NKT cell-based cancer immunotherapy","volume":"70","author":"Hara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother."},{"issue":"15","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6507","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-15-06507.2002","article-title":"A myelin galactolipid, sulfatide, is essential for maintenance of ion channels on myelinated axon but not essential for initial cluster formation","volume":"22","author":"Ishibashi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R026682","article-title":"Role of sulfatide in normal and pathological cells and tissues","volume":"53","author":"Takahashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Lipid Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/cwl059","article-title":"P-selectin mediates metastatic progression through binding to sulfatides on tumor cells","volume":"17","author":"Garcia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Glycobiology."},{"key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0037","article-title":"CD1d-dependent neuroinflammation impairs tissue repair and functional recovery following a spinal cord injury","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"issue":"23","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4477","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-020-1308-2","article-title":"Breaking through the glioblastoma micro-environment via extracellular vesicles","volume":"39","author":"Simon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oncogene."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1579","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23899","article-title":"Sulfatides in extracellular vesicles isolated from plasma of multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"94","author":"Moyano","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7673","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.11.7673","article-title":"Preferential in situ CD4+CD56+ T cell activation and expansion within human glioblastoma","volume":"180","author":"Waziri","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol."},{"issue":"50","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34595","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.614503","article-title":"Activation of glioma cells generates immune tolerant NKT cells","volume":"289","author":"Tang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-04-149831","article-title":"Inflammation-associated lysophospholipids as ligands for CD1d-restricted T cells in human cancer","volume":"112","author":"Chang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2003.09.009","article-title":"Determination of unbound theophylline in rat blood and brain by microdialysis and liquid chromatography","volume":"1032","author":"Tsai","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Chromatogr A."},{"issue":"8","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201302-0388PP","article-title":"Theophylline","volume":"188","author":"Barnes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)63471-0","article-title":"The role of theophylline in the treatment of asthma","volume":"77","author":"Kamada","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"issue":"4","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1254\/jjp.43.454","article-title":"Change in the activity of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in antigen-stimulated sensitized mast cells and effect of drugs inhibiting allergic mediator release","volume":"43","author":"Kurosawa","year":"1987","journal-title":"Jpn J Pharmacol."},{"issue":"9-10","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2011.12.010","article-title":"Phosphodiesterase inhibitors control A172 human glioblastoma cell death through cAMP-mediated activation of protein kinase A and Epac1\/Rap1 pathways","volume":"90","author":"Moon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0048","first-page":"3702","article-title":"A phase I study of the natural killer T-cell ligand alpha-galactosylceramide (KRN7000) in patients with solid tumors","volume":"8","author":"Giaccone","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res."},{"key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988872","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.988872","article-title":"GBM tumors are heterogeneous in their fatty acid metabolism and modulating fatty acid metabolism sensitizes cancer cells derived from recurring GBM tumors to temozolomide","volume":"12","author":"Parik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Oncol."},{"issue":"1","key":"2026012603471557100_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17069","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-22093-4","article-title":"Mass spectrometry imaging discriminates glioblastoma tumor cell subpopulations and different microvascular formations based on their lipid profiles","volume":"12","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep."}],"container-title":["Neuro-Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/neuro-oncology\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/neuonc\/noaf135\/63393863\/noaf135.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/neuro-oncology\/article-pdf\/27\/10\/2592\/63393863\/noaf135.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/neuro-oncology\/article-pdf\/27\/10\/2592\/63393863\/noaf135.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T08:47:48Z","timestamp":1769417268000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/neuro-oncology\/article\/27\/10\/2592\/8152367"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/neuonc\/noaf135","relation":{},"ISSN":["1522-8517","1523-5866"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1522-8517","type":"print"},{"value":"1523-5866","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]}}}